Question 1

Which situation reflects a potential ethical dilemma for the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A dilemma exists in this situation because the nurse is being asked to assist with a procedure that she or he believes is morally wrong.The other situations do not contain elements of conflict for the nurse.

Question 2

The Women,Infants,and Children (WIC)program provides

Accepted Answer

WIC is a federal program that provides supplemental food supplies to low-income women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and to their children until age 5 years.Medicaid's Early and Periodic Screening,Diagnosis,and Treatment Program provides for well-child examinations and for treatment of any medical problems diagnosed during such checkups.Children in the WIC program are often referred for immunizations,but that is not the primary focus of the program.Public Law 99-457 is part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that provides financial incentives to states to establish comprehensive early intervention services for infants and toddlers with,or at risk for,developmental disabilities.

Question 3

In most states,adolescents who are not emancipated minors must have the permission of their parents before

Accepted Answer

Minors are not considered capable of giving informed consent,so a surgical procedure would require consent of the parent or guardian.Exceptions exist for obtaining treatment for drug abuse or STDs or for getting birth control in most states.

Question 4

When planning a parenting class,the nurse should explain that the leading cause of death in children 1 to 4 years of age in the United States is

Accepted Answer

Although the rates have dropped,unintentional injury (accidents)are still the leading cause of death for children aged 1 to 19.The other options contribute to morbidity and mortality in children but are not the leading cause.

Question 5

Which woman would be most likely to seek prenatal care?

Accepted Answer

The patient who acknowledges the pregnancy early,has access to health care,and has no reason to avoid health care is most likely to seek prenatal care.Being in denial about the pregnancy increases the risk of not seeking care.This patient is also 15,and other social factors may discourage her from seeking care as well.Women who abuse substances are less likely to receive prenatal care.Some women see pregnancy and delivery as a natural occurrence and do not seek health care.

Question 6

Which statement is true regarding the "quality assurance" or "incident" report?

Accepted Answer

An incident report is used when something occurs that might result in legal action,such as a patient fall or medication error.It warns the legal department that there may be a problem in a particular patient's care.Incident reports are not part of the patient's chart; thus the nurses' notes should not contain any reference to them.

Question 7

Which factor significantly contributed to the shift from home births to hospital births in the early 20th century?

Accepted Answer

Technologic developments were available to physiciAnswer,not lay midwives.So in-hospital births increased in order to take advantage of these advancements.Puerperal sepsis has been a known problem for generations.In the late 19th century,Semmelweis discovered how it could be prevented with improved hygienic practices.The development of forceps is an example of a technology advance made in the early 20th century but is not the only reason birthplaces moved.Unlike home births,early hospital births hindered bonding between parents and their infants.

Question 8

A nurse wishes to work to reduce infant mortality in the United States.Which activity would this nurse most likely participate in?

Accepted Answer

Prenatal care is vital to reducing infant mortality and medical costs.This nurse would most likely participate in community service providing prenatal care outreach activities in community centers,particularly in low-income areas.Pamphlets in other languages,enrolling in Medicaid,and working at a women's shelter all might impact infant mortality,but the greatest effect would be from assisting women to get consistent prenatal care.

Question 9

A nurse is floated to a different unit.The nurse does not know how to perform a treatment that has been prescribed for one of his or her assigned patients.What should the nurse's first action be?

Accepted Answer

Nurses who work outside their usual areas of expertise must assess their own skills and avoid performing tasks or taking on responsibilities in areas in which they are not competent.This nurse should inform the supervisor of the situation.The nurse could endanger the child by delaying the intervention until another nurse is available.Telling the child's parents would most likely increase their anxiety and will not resolve the difficulty.TrAnswerfer to another unit delays needed treatment and would create unnecessary disruption for the child and family.

Question 10

The maternity nurse should have a clear understanding of the correct use of a clinical pathway.One characteristic of clinical pathways is that they

Accepted Answer

Clinical pathways are standardized,interdisciplinary plAnswer of care devised for patients with a particular health problem.They are used to identify patient outcomes,specify time lines to achieve those outcomes,direct appropriate interventions and sequencing of interventions,include interventions from a variety of disciplines,promote collaboration,and involve a comprehensive approach to care.They are developed by multiple health care professionals and reflect interdisciplinary care.They can be used in multiple settings and for patients throughout the life span.They are not part of the nursing process but can be used in conjunction with the nursing process to provide care to patients.

Question 11

Family-centered care (FCC)describes safe,quality care that recognizes and adapts to both the physical and psychosocial needs of the family.Which nursing practice coincides with the principles of FCC?

Accepted Answer

Family-centered care increases the responsibilities of nurses.In addition to the physical care provided,nurses assume a major role in teaching,counseling,and supporting families.The other options do not provide family-centered care because they increase family separation or use technology routinely,which may not be needed.

Question 12

Family-centered maternity care developed in response to

Accepted Answer

As research began to identify the benefits of early extended parent-infant contact,parents began to insist that the infant remain with them.This gradually developed into the practice of rooming-in and finally to family-centered maternity care.Family-centered care was a request by parents,not physiciAnswer.The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 provided funds for state-managed programs for mothers and children.The changes in pharmacologic management of labor were not a factor in family-centered maternity care.

Question 13

A woman who delivered her baby 6 hours ago complains of headache and dizziness.The nurse administers an analgesic but does not perform any assessments.The woman then has a tonic-clonic seizure,falls out of bed,and fractures her femur.How would the actions of the nurse be interpreted in relation to standards of care?

Accepted Answer

There are four elements to malpractice,which is negligence in the performance of professional duties: duty,breach of duty,damage,and proximate cause.The nurse was negligent because she or he did not perform any assessments,which is the first step of the nursing process and is a standard of care.By not assessing the patient,the nurse did not meet established standards of care,and thus is guilty of professional negligence,or malpractice.

Question 14

The intrapartum woman sees no need for a routine admission fetal monitoring strip.If she continues to refuse,what is the first action the nurse should take?

Accepted Answer

Patients must be allowed to make choices voluntarily without undue influence or coercion from others.The physician,especially if unaware of the patient's decision,should be notified immediately.Both professionals can work to ensure the mother understands the rationale for the action and the possible consequences of refusal.The woman herself is the decision maker,unless incapacitated.Documentation should occur but is not the first action.This situation does not rise to the level of an ethical issue so there is no reason to call the ethics committee.

Question 15

As a result of changes in health care delivery and funding,a current trend seen in the pediatric setting is

Accepted Answer

One effect of managed care has been that pediatric health care delivery has shifted dramatically from the acute care setting to the ambulatory setting in order to provide more cost-efficient care.The number of hospital beds being used has decreased as more care is given in outpatient settings and in the home.The number of children living in poverty has increased over the past decade.One of the biggest changes in health care has been the growth of managed care.

Question 16

Elective abortion is considered an ethical issue because

Accepted Answer

Elective abortion is an ethical dilemma because two opposing courses of action are available.The belief that induced abortion is a private choice is in conflict with the belief that elective pregnancy termination is taking a life.Abortion laws are clear concerning a woman's constitutional rights.The Supreme Court has not ruled on when life begins.Abortion does not require third-party consent.

Question 17

The mother of a 5-year-old female inpatient on the pediatric unit asks the nurse if she could provide information regarding the recommended amount of television viewing time for her daughter.The nurse responds that the appropriate amount of time a child should be watching television is

Accepted Answer

The American Academy of Pediatrics (2013)encourages parents to monitor their children's media exposure and limit their children's screen time (TV,computer,video games)to no more than 1 to 2 hours per day.The other options all contain more screen time than is recommended.

Question 18

The fastest growing group of homeless people is

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy and birth,especially for a teenager,are important contributing factors for becoming homeless.People preparing for retirement,migrant workers,and IV substance abusers are not among the fastest growing groups of homeless people.

Question 19

Which setting for childbirth allows the least amount of parent-infant contact?

Accepted Answer

In the traditional hospital setting,the mother may see the infant for only short feeding periods,and the infant is cared for in a separate nursery.The labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum room setting allows increased parent-infant contact.Birth centers are set up to allow an increase in parent-infant contact.Home births allow an increase in parent-infant contact.

Question 20

Which patient situation fails to meet the first requirement of informed consent?

Accepted Answer

The first requirement of informed consent is that the patient must be competent to make decisions about health care.Full disclosure of information is an important element of the consent,but first the patient has to be competent to sign.Understanding is an important element of the consent,but first the patient has to be competent to sign.Voluntary consent is an important element of the consent,but first the patient has to be competent to sign.

Quiz 1: Foundations of Maternity, Women’s Health, and Child Health Nursing