Question 1

According to your text, which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding ethical considerations in research studies?

Accepted Answer

All studies, regardless of methodology or field, involve ethical considerations. This includes considerations related to protecting participant confidentiality, addressing potential harm or discomfort, obtaining informed consent, and ensuring the integrity of the research design and data collection. Ignoring ethical considerations in research can have serious consequences for both participants and the research outcomes.

Question 2

Evaluation researchers collect data primarily to

Accepted Answer

Evaluation researchers collect data in order to make decisions about programs. This involves assessing the effectiveness, impact, and outcomes of programs in order to determine whether they should continue, be improved, or be discontinued. While evaluation research may contribute to the development of theories and educational best practices, its primary focus is on practical decision-making.

Question 3

In a causal-comparative study that examines differences in psychomotor skills between young, suburban, middle-class Hispanic children and young, urban, middle-class Caucasian children, the dependent variable is

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable in this study is the psychomotor skills of the children. This is the variable that the researchers are measuring and comparing between the two groups of children. The other variables listed (Hispanic, urban, and middle class) are all independent variables that may have an impact on the dependent variable, but they are not the focus of the study.

Question 4

The federal government has enacted laws to protect research participants. These laws include

Accepted Answer

The National Research Act established the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, which developed principles for the ethical conduct of research and led to the development of the Common Rule, a set of regulations governing research with human subjects. The other answer choices (B, C, and D) do not refer to actual laws or regulations related to research participant protection.

Question 5

In a research study, deception refers to

Accepted Answer

Deception in research refers to not conveying the true nature of the study to participants, such as withholding information or providing false information. A and B refer to confidentiality and anonymity, which are different concepts from deception. D refers to using participant information without informed consent, which is unethical.

Question 6

IRB stands for

Accepted Answer

The term IRB is commonly used to refer to Institutional Review Boards, which are responsible for reviewing and approving research protocols involving human subjects to make sure the research is conducted in an ethical and safe manner.

Question 7

The type of qualitative research that includes conducting research on a unit of study or bounded system is most often referred to as

Accepted Answer

A case study is a type of qualitative research that involves in-depth study and analysis of a single bounded system, such as an individual, group, organization or community. It often uses multiple sources of data, such as interviews, observations, and documents, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the context and dynamics of the unit of analysis. Other qualitative research approaches like narrative and ethnography may involve the study of groups or communities, but they do not necessarily focus on a single unit of study in the same way that a case study does. Surveys are a quantitative research method that involves administering standardized questionnaires to a larger sample of participants, which is not the same as conducting in-depth analysis of a single case.

Question 8

The Federal Act that protects privacy of educational records is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is the federal law that protects the privacy of student educational records.

Question 9

The U. S. Congress passed the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, also known as the Buckley Amendment in

Accepted Answer

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, also known as the Buckley Amendment, was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1974.

Question 10

The ethical principle that encourages psychologists to contribute a portion of their time is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The ethical principle of fidelity and responsibility encourages psychologists to contribute a portion of their time to pro bono or public service activities that benefit society. This principle highlights the importance of psychologists' responsibilities beyond their individual clients and towards the greater good.

Question 11

Liben studies the experiences of Ben at his first sleep-away camp. He interprets the experience through stories told to him by Ben. He collects these experiences and shares them with others in the form of a story. Liben's research can best be described as

Accepted Answer

Liben's research is best described as a case study because it involves an in-depth exploration of Ben's experiences at the sleep-away camp, focusing on a single subject and presenting the findings in a narrative form.

Question 12

Researchers seek approval from the IRB prior to

Accepted Answer

Researchers must seek approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) before collecting research data. This is because the IRB ensures that the proposed study is ethical and upholds the rights and welfare of human participants. The other choices may precede the IRB approval process, but the actual data collection requires IRB approval.

Question 13

The Buckley Amendment is designed to specifically to

Accepted Answer

The Buckley Amendment, also known as the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), is designed to protect the privacy of student records. It gives parents and students the right to view their educational records, control the disclosure of personally identifiable information, and seek correction of records if necessary. It applies to all educational institutions that receive federal funding.

Question 14

The ethical principle that requires that psychologists try to eliminate the effect of biases in their work is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ethical principle that requires that psychologists...

Question 15

Bakari 2003) published a study in Urban Education that queried preservice teachers' attitudes toward African American students. Given her methodology, which of the following types of research did she likely complete?

Accepted Answer

Bakari's study likely involved a survey, as she was querying preservice teachers' attitudes, which can be measured through self-report surveys. The other options (experimental, causal-comparative, and correlational) involve different types of data collection and analysis methods.

Question 16

Which of the following illustrates anonymity?

Accepted Answer

Anonymity means that the researcher does not know the identities of the participants, as in option D where Kelly cannot report names because she does not know who participated.

Question 17

The method of knowing that relies on making decisions based upon the way things have always been done is

Accepted Answer

The method of knowing that relies on making decisions based upon the way things have always been done is tradition.

Question 18

By law, an IRB must contain at least _________ members.

Accepted Answer

According to federal regulations, an IRB must have at least 5 members. However, some institutions may choose to have more members for additional expertise and diversity in their review process.

Question 19

Jackie is conducting a study at the local skate park on youth's use of slang language. She is unsure if she needs to submit her research to the IRB and asks for your opinion. How would you respond?

Accepted Answer

Ethical considerations regarding personal privacy always require IRB approval, whether the research involves experimental or observational methods. Anonymity does not override the potential risks to privacy, especially if the data will be made public.

Question 20

Which of the following, by law, is a required characteristic of Institutional Review Board IRB) membership composition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following, by law, is...

Quiz 1: Introduction to Educational Research