Question 1

About 96% of the general U.S. population score between IQs of:

Accepted Answer

The IQ range of 70 to 130 encompasses about 96% of the general U.S. population, as it represents two standard deviations from the mean in a normal distribution.

Question 2

Who proposed a theory of intelligence that identified eight distinct intelligences, including linguistic intelligence and logical-mathematical intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which includes eight distinct intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

Question 3

The text discusses research about Southeast Asian immigrant families. The results of this study suggest that which of the following factors is important in determining children's IQs?

Accepted Answer

Despite poor economic circumstances, problems with language, ethnic status, and substandard educational opportunities, children in these families performed well in school and on standardized tests. The most likely explanation is that the families emphasized educational achievement and success and made accommodations so children would spend time on school work.

Question 4

Generalizing from the text's discussion about the distribution of intelligence in the population, about what percept of the population would you expect to be diagnosed as having an intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disability is typically defined as having an IQ below 70, which is about 2 standard deviations below the mean in a normal distribution. This accounts for approximately 2% of the population.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of intelligence as defined by Sternberg's three-part theory of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 6

In Sternberg's model, the type of intelligence measured by typical IQ tests is called:

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's model, the type of intelligence measured by typical IQ tests is componential intelligence. This type of intelligence involves the cognitive processes underlying intellectual functioning, such as problem-solving, abstract reasoning, and analytical abilities.

Question 7

Who proposed the triarchic concept of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The triarchic concept of intelligence was proposed by Robert Sternberg, a psychologist and current professor of human development at Cornell University. He suggested that intelligence is not just a single ability, but rather a spectrum of abilities that can be divided into three parts: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

Question 8

Which of the following abilities would Robert Sternberg view as being especially important?

Accepted Answer

Sternberg emphasized the role of practical intelligence over the other skills, which all fit into his concept of componential intelligence - what is typically measured in an intelligence test.

Question 9

If Greg is 10 years old, and if he answers the same number of intelligence test questions correctly as the average 9-year-old, his computed IQ would be:

Accepted Answer

IQ has been defined as mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100. In this case, 9 divided by 10 multiplied by 100 is equal to 90.

Question 10

The text discusses a study in which African American families in poor neighborhoods were given a chance to move to a better neighborhood. In comparison to children whose families moved instead to another poor neighborhood, the children in families who moved to a better neighborhood:

Accepted Answer

The text stated that "the children whose families had moved to better neighborhoods had higher achievement test scores than those whose families had moved to other poor neighborhoods." Therefore, D is the correct choice. A, B, and C are incorrect since the text did not mention any evidence to support these options.

Question 11

If Paul tells you that he is 15 years old and that his measured IQ is 150, which of the following should you conclude?

Accepted Answer

Most IQ tests set the average IQ at 100, and only about 2% of the population score above an IQ of 130. Thus, Paul's IQ of 150 is very high. Paul's chronological age of 15 years is irrelevant to his IQ calculation, since 150 is not his mental age; rather it is his IQ score.

Question 12

The text discusses a study in which African American families in poor neighborhoods were given a chance to move to a better neighborhood. The results of this study emphasize the importance of what factor(s) as a determinant of school achievement and test performance?

Accepted Answer

The results of this study demonstrate that moving to a better neighborhood with better schools led to students' improvement in completing homework, attendance, and achievement test scores. Thus, socioeconomic factors do make a difference. No discussion of racial factors, one- versus two-parent families, or teacher preparation was presented in the context of this study.

Question 13

About what percent of the U. S. population would have IQ scores that would fall between 85 and 115?

Accepted Answer

Assuming a normal distribution, approximately 68% of the population falls within one standard deviation of the mean. Therefore, IQ scores falling between 85 and 115 (which is a range of 30 points) would represent approximately 68% of the population.

Question 14

According to Sternberg's model, the capacity to adapt to the environment is called:

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, the capacity to adapt to the environment is related to contextual intelligence. Componential intelligence refers to analytical or problem-solving abilities, experiential intelligence refers to creativity and insight, and logico-mathematical intelligence refers to logical and mathematical reasoning abilities.

Question 15

The major advantage of using the ratio method of computing IQ, rather than reporting only a child's mental age, is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reporting only mental age does not provide any information about chronological age, thus there is no basis for comparing a child to same-age peers. For example, two children who have a mental age of 9 might be the same age or might be of very different ages. The IQ method converts mental age by dividing it by chronological age. Therefore, IQ allows for comparisons of same-age children with respect to intelligence (as measured by their mental ages). For example, if two 9-year-olds have IQs of 90 and 100, respectively, we know that the child with the higher IQ scored higher relative to his age-peers than did the child with the IQ of 90.

Question 16

Why has the ratio method of computing IQ been replaced by the deviation method?

Accepted Answer

The problem with using the ratio method of IQ is that intelligence levels off in adulthood (e.g., an average 30-year-old would perform about the same as an average 50-year-old). If mental age remains the same, but is divided by increasingly large chronological age, IQ becomes smaller, even though the adult does not become less intelligent with age. (For example, if the people above both have a mental age of 30, the 30-year-old's ratio IQ would be 100; the 50-year-old's ratio IQ would be 60.) As intelligence testing became useful for adults, a different method of computing IQ needed to be developed.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's eight types of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Charismatic is not one of Gardner's eight types of intelligence. The eight types are linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

Question 18

The average 10-year-old child has an IQ of ______; and the average 50-year-old adult has an IQ of_______:

Accepted Answer

By definition, the average IQ for people of any age is 100. IQ averages do not vary by age.

Question 19

Which of the following types of intelligence did Robert Sternberg view as being particularly important?

Accepted Answer

Robert Sternberg views practical intelligence as particularly important. He defined practical intelligence as "the ability to adapt to, shape, and select environments in order to meet both personal and societal goals."

Question 20

One goal for constructing an intelligence test is to write the test such that if a person took it multiple times, that person's score would always be the same. This goal represents the concept of test:

Accepted Answer

Test reliability refers to the consistency with which the test measures. If a test were perfectly reliable, a person would always get the same test score every time he or she took the test. No test is perfectly reliable (that is, there is always some error in testing); however, test reliability is an important goal for test construction.

Quiz 8: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development