Question 1

If you were to conduct a survey that included responses from 1,000 men over the age of 40, about how many of them would report experiencing some erectile dysfunction (assuming they were truthful)?
A) about 100
B) about 200
C) about 500
D) about 800

Accepted Answer

Studies report that about 50% men over the age of 40 will experience some erectile dysfunction.

Question 2

60 According to the text, studies show that about ______ of men over the age of 40 will experience some erectile dysfunction.
A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 50%

Accepted Answer

Studies indicate that about 50% of men over the age of 40 will experience some form of erectile dysfunction, highlighting its prevalence as a common issue among older men.

Question 3

Paula is unable to sleep because she is having frequent and bothersome night sweats resulting from menopause. If she decides to take medicine to help with this symptom, the medicine her physician would most likely prescribe would be:
A) aspirin taken together with caffeine
B) a male hormone similar to testosterone
C) a multi-vitamin that includes a large dose of calcium
D) estrogen, progesterone, or a combination of these drugs

Accepted Answer

HRT-in the form of either estrogen or progesterone supplements or a combination of the two-helps alleviate symptoms, such as hot flashes and vaginal changes.

Question 4

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 middle-aged women and asked them a series of questions about what they worry about as they are getting older, you would expect that the largest percentage would respond that they are MOST worried about:
A) being too old to have children
B) having more illnesses as they get older
C) being less attractive as a woman
D) having to go through menopause

Accepted Answer

As women age, their risk for illnesses such as cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis increases, which can cause significant concern for their health and wellbeing. While other factors such as menopause and changes in physical appearance may also cause worry, the risk of illness is typically the most pressing concern for this demographic.

Question 5

Which of the following terms refers to the loss of bone mass and increased bone fragility?
A) menopause
B) osteoporosis
C) climacteric
D) general atrophy

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis refers to the loss of bone mass and increased bone fragility, making bones more prone to fractures. Menopause and climacteric both refer to the period of hormonal transition in women, while general atrophy refers to the decrease in size and function of tissues and organs due to the aging process.

Question 6

If a woman's probability of having a bone fracture after age 50 is 50%, what is the probability that a man will have a bone fracture after age 50?
A) considerably smaller than 50%
B) about 50%
C) slightly higher than 50%
D) considerably higher than 50%

Accepted Answer

Men have a much smaller probability of having a bone fracture than women do after the age of 50.

Question 7

Women's loss of bone mass accelerates greatly after menopause due in largest part to which of the following?
A) hormone replacement therapy
B) decreased supply of estrogen
C) decreased supply of androgen
D) decreased activity level

Accepted Answer

As noted in the text, women's loss of bone mass accelerates greatly after menopause, apparently because of estrogen deprivation.

Question 8

Lucille consults her doctor about osteoporosis. The doctor tells her that her chances of having a bone fracture after age 50 is about ______.
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 85%

Accepted Answer

According to the text, nearly half of all postmenopausal women over the age of 50 will experience a bone fracture related to osteoporosis.

Question 9

Which of the following is a long-term effect associated with the estrogen loss that accompanies menopause?
A) increase in bone mass and bone density
B) excessive lubrication of the genitals
C) decrease in the risk for coronary disease
D) vaginal atrophy

Accepted Answer

Vaginal atrophy, or the thinning and drying of vaginal tissue due to decreased estrogen levels, is a long-term effect of menopause. It can cause discomfort, pain during sex, and an increased risk of vaginal infections. A, B, and C are not associated with estrogen loss during menopause.

Question 10

Patty is close to experiencing menopause and is concerned about the symptoms she will experience. To give her accurate information, her physician might tell her that about _____ of menopausal women report bothersome symptoms:
A) 1%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 48%

Accepted Answer

According to research cited in the text, only about 20% of women who experience menopausal symptoms rate them as bothersome.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding changes to bone mass in middle age is TRUE?
A) Only men experience a loss in bone mass as they age.
B) Only women experience a loss in bone mass as they age.
C) Both men and women can experience bone mass loss, but women are more likely to experience a bone fracture as a result.
D) Both men and women can experience bone mass loss, but men are more likely to experience a bone fracture as a result.

Accepted Answer

Both men and women begin to experience a loss in bone mass as they approach the end of middle age but the loss is about twice as great in women and occurs more rapidly and as a result, bone fractures are much more common in older women than in older men.

Question 12

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 women who were in the midst of menopause, you should expect that about ____ would report they felt regretful about the cessation of their menstrual cycle.
A) 4%
B) 24%
C) 54%
D) 96%

Accepted Answer

A large national survey of menopausal women recently reported that fewer than 4% indicated feelings of regret over the cessation of their menstrual cycles.

Question 13

Before menopause, the rate of cardiovascular disease is _______ for men, compared to women; after menopause the rate of cardiovascular disease is ________ for men, compared to women.
A) higher; higher
B) higher; about the same
C) lower; higher
D) lower; about the same

Accepted Answer

Estrogen seems to have a protective function against cardiovascular disease for premenopausal women. Women have a much lower rate of cardiovascular disease than men until menopause; then the rate for women rises nearly as high as the male rate.

Question 14

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 women who were experiencing the symptoms of menopause, you should expect that about ____ of women would report having hot flashes.
A) 22%
B) 39%
C) 55%
D) 85%

Accepted Answer

According to the text, in the United States, about 50-60% of women report hot flashes during menopause.

Question 15

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 women who were in the midst of menopause, you should expect that about ____ would report they felt relief about the cessation of their menstrual cycle.
A) 99%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 15%

Accepted Answer

A large national survey of menopausal women recently reported that about half of women reported feeling only relief at the cessation of their menstrual cycles.

Question 16

In comparison to the proportion of women who received a doctor's recommendation to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the late 1990s, you should expect that the proportion today is ______.
A) larger
B) smaller
C) about the same
D) nonexistent since HRT therapies have been withdrawn from the legal drug market

Accepted Answer

Because hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has recently been associated with significant health risks as well as benefits, the decision about whether to use HRT is now more questionable than it was previously. Although HRT risks are relatively small for most women, women's health experts now usually recommend that women use these drugs only for the short-term relief of symptoms or to address a severe risk of osteoporosis, if at all.

Question 17

Eve is concerned about loss of bone mass because her mother has osteoporosis. She should understand that her loss of bone mass will most likely accelerate considerably after: A) menopause B) her 30^th birthday C) her 40^th birthday D) the birth of her first child

Accepted Answer

As noted in the text, women's loss of bone mass accelerates greatly after menopause, apparently because of estrogen deprivation.

Question 18

The text cites examples of cross-cultural research about how women experience menopause. In general, these studies suggest that reports of negative symptoms vary ________ from culture to culture, suggesting the importance of __________ factors in explanations.
A) very little; biological
B) quite a lot; biological
C) very little; psychological
D) quite a lot; psychological

Accepted Answer

In cross-cultural studies of menopause, results typically reveal that reports of negative symptoms vary widely by culture, as well as among different women of the same culture. Results such as these suggest that menopausal symptoms are the result of not only physical factors but psychological and cultural factors as well.

Question 19

In 1998 in the U. S., about what percentage of women between the ages of 45 and 64 were taking some form of hormone replacement therapy?
A) 10%
B) 33%
C) 54%
D) 78%

Accepted Answer

According to data from the Women's Health Initiative, in 1998 approximately 33% of women between the ages of 45 and 64 in the U.S. were taking some form of hormone replacement therapy.

Question 20

Hormone replacement therapy appears to be involved in increasing a woman's risk of developing all of the following problems EXCEPT:
A) breast cancer
B) cardiovascular problems
C) osteoporosis
D) several forms of cancer

Accepted Answer

Hormone replacement therapy is actually used to decrease a woman's risk of developing osteoporosis. It is, however, associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, cardiovascular problems, and several forms of cancer such as ovarian and endometrial cancer.

Quiz 14: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

If you were to conduct a survey that included responses from 1,000 men over the age of 40, about how many of them would report experiencing some erectile dysfunction (assuming they were truthful) ?

60 According to the text, studies show that about ______ of men over the age of 40 will experience some erectile dysfunction.

Paula is unable to sleep because she is having frequent and bothersome night sweats resulting from menopause. If she decides to take medicine to help with this symptom, the medicine her physician would most likely prescribe would be:

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 middle-aged women and asked them a series of questions about what they worry about as they are getting older, you would expect that the largest percentage would respond that they are MOST worried about:

Which of the following terms refers to the loss of bone mass and increased bone fragility?

If a woman's probability of having a bone fracture after age 50 is 50%, what is the probability that a man will have a bone fracture after age 50?

Women's loss of bone mass accelerates greatly after menopause due in largest part to which of the following?

Lucille consults her doctor about osteoporosis. The doctor tells her that her chances of having a bone fracture after age 50 is about ______.

Which of the following is a long-term effect associated with the estrogen loss that accompanies menopause?

Patty is close to experiencing menopause and is concerned about the symptoms she will experience. To give her accurate information, her physician might tell her that about _____ of menopausal women report bothersome symptoms:

Which of the following statements regarding changes to bone mass in middle age is TRUE?

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 women who were in the midst of menopause, you should expect that about ____ would report they felt regretful about the cessation of their menstrual cycle.

Before menopause, the rate of cardiovascular disease is _ for men, compared to women; after menopause the rate of cardiovascular disease is __ for men, compared to women.

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 women who were experiencing the symptoms of menopause, you should expect that about ____ of women would report having hot flashes.

If you were to conduct a survey of 100 women who were in the midst of menopause, you should expect that about ____ would report they felt relief about the cessation of their menstrual cycle.

In comparison to the proportion of women who received a doctor's recommendation to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the late 1990s, you should expect that the proportion today is ______.

Eve is concerned about loss of bone mass because her mother has osteoporosis. She should understand that her loss of bone mass will most likely accelerate considerably after:

The text cites examples of cross-cultural research about how women experience menopause. In general, these studies suggest that reports of negative symptoms vary from culture to culture, suggesting the importance of __ factors in explanations.

In 1998 in the U. S., about what percentage of women between the ages of 45 and 64 were taking some form of hormone replacement therapy?

Hormone replacement therapy appears to be involved in increasing a woman's risk of developing all of the following problems EXCEPT: