Question 1

In community research,how can sharing control with community members enhance knowledge gained? Contrast this view of control with control as exercised in the laboratory experiment.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

[See suggested Exercise 1 in this manual.] Describe a controversial issue in your community or society.Discuss these questions about it:
(A)What are the opposing sides on this issue?
(B)What persons,communities or voices are unheard or discounted?
(C)How might community psychology research help in understanding those voices?
(D)How might you begin developing a relationship with those persons or communities?
(E)What groups or organizations should be involved in a community research panel for this research? Why?
(F)What other roles might community stakeholders play as partners in conducting research?

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

A community research project that takes macrosystem social injustices into account,increased community understanding of social injustice,and strengthened the power of the community to make its own decisions,has strong ____ .

Accepted Answer

Psychopolitical validity refers to the extent to which research takes into account the broader socio-political context and power dynamics that may impact the research process and outcomes. In this case, the community research project focuses on understanding and addressing social injustices in the macrosystem, which requires consideration of psychopolitical factors. The increased community understanding and empowerment also suggest a focus on psychopolitical validity. Internal validity relates to the accuracy of the research's findings, and between-group methodology and methodological equivalence relate to specific research methods and designs, which are not explicitly mentioned in the scenario.

Question 4

Describe how one of the following studies in Chapter 3 used techniques of participatory and culturally-anchored research:
(A)Fine and colleagues study of college education for women in prison
(B)McMahon and Watts's study of ethnic identity among African-American youth;
(C)the Harper et al.study of Project VIDA;
(D)the Mohatt et al.study of Alaska Native sobriety;or
(E)the Akwesasne study (Santiago et al. ).
Give specific examples to support your points.

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Question 5

Imagine you have received a grant to study a community or population that is very different from the dominant culture in your society (choose a specific community or population).Imagine that members of this community assert that they have been misunderstood and demeaned by prior researchers from your university.Based on the concepts in the chapter,describe how you would plan to establish a relationship with the community,conduct the research,and include the community in making specific research decisions.

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Question 6

Imagine that you wanted to develop a study that examined the impacts of a neighborhood on the lives of senior adults in the neighborhood.How could you draw on measures developed out of postpositivist,constructivist,and critical frameworks? Provide examples that illustrate your understanding of each framework.Conclude with a statement about the research questions and strategies you would prefer to use in your study,and with which of the three frameworks your preferences are most closely aligned.

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Question 7

Thinking of members of a cultural group as very psychologically similar,and categorizing them in general terms,is the assumption of ____ .

Accepted Answer

The assumption of population homogeneity refers to thinking of members of a cultural group as very psychologically similar and categorizing them in general terms. Methodological equivalence refers to the use of equivalent research methods across groups, within-group methodology refers to studying individuals within a specific cultural group, and population equivalence refers to the similarity of groups being studied.

Question 8

Between-group designs focus on:

Accepted Answer

Between-group designs involve the comparison of two or more cultural groups, making option C the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because it refers to within-group designs. Option B is incorrect because it refers to comparing subgroups within a cultural group, which is not the focus of between-group designs. Finally, option D is incorrect because it includes both options A and B, rather than the correct answer C.

Question 9

A research team wishes to study depression in Japan.They translate a questionnaire developed in the U.S.from English into Japanese,and believe that step is enough to study the concept of depression in a non-western culture.This illustrates the assumption of ____.

Accepted Answer

This illustrates the assumption of methodological equivalence, which is the assumption that research methods used in one culture can be used reliably and validly in another culture after appropriate modifications have been made. The translation of the questionnaire from English to Japanese is an example of modification to ensure equivalence.

Question 10

Within-group designs focus on:

Accepted Answer

Within-group designs focus on studying a single culture on its own terms, rather than comparing it to other cultures.

Question 11

In Felton and Berry's study of social support in a senior citizen,participants often mentioned the importance of support from groups (e.g. ,"my grandchildren","people at my senior center"),not just individuals.This finding is an example of the importance of:

Accepted Answer

The finding in the study highlights the significance of both ecological levels of analysis (i.e., considering the impact of environmental factors on individuals) and attending to unexpected, unheard voices (i.e., recognizing the voices of senior citizens who may not have been traditionally considered). Therefore, choice D, which includes both options A and B, best represents this importance. Cultural anchoring (choice C) does not seem to be directly related to this finding.

Question 12

Describe the principal methods and steps of participatory or collaborative research,giving specific examples to support your points.

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Question 13

In Wright and Kloos' study of supported housing environments for persons with serious mental illness,findings showed that neighborhood characteristics were just as important to the residents as the quality of individual apartments.This illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The finding that neighborhood characteristics were as important as individual apartments highlights the importance of attending to multiple levels of analysis, including not just the individual but also the context in which they live. This emphasizes the importance of considering levels of analysis.

Question 14

Describe the four methodological issues regarding cultural and social contexts of community research,giving specific examples to support your points.

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Question 15

Define four community psychology values from Chapter 1,and give examples of these are applied in the methods of participatory or culturally anchored research in Chapter 3.

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Question 16

Which of the following is a study that compares Korean American and Mexican American school children?

Accepted Answer

A between-group design compares two different groups, in this case Korean American and Mexican American school children. A within-group design would compare students within the same ethnic group, while the "taking sides" and participatory approaches are not related to research design.

Question 17

Shall a study of neighborhood citizen participation focus on individual variables that predict individual participation,or on the functioning of a neighborhood association as an organization,or on the effects of the organization on the whole neighborhood? This question concerns:

Accepted Answer

The question is about whether to focus on individual variables, the functioning of a neighborhood association as an organization, or the effects of the organization on the whole neighborhood. These are different ecological levels of analysis, and the question is asking which level to focus on, rather than which approach or perspective to take (such as participatory-collaborative approaches or attending to unheard voices).

Question 18

One metaphor used in Chapter 3 for the researcher-community relationship is "guest-host." How have researchers acted as poor guests in communities that have hosted them? What can community researchers do to address this problem?

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Question 19

Which of the following is a drawback of a between-group design?

Accepted Answer

Between-group designs can struggle to accurately portray the strengths of both groups being compared, as they focus on differences rather than highlighting what each group does well. Choices A and C are not inherent drawbacks of between-group designs.

Quiz 3: The Aims of Community Research