Question 1

Differentiation can be based on
A)theoretical approach.
B)helper comfort level.
C)client comfort level.
D)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Differentiation can be based on various factors such as theoretical approach, helper and client comfort levels. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes all the given options.

Question 2

During interaction in the helper dyad,selective body tension generally reflects
A)comfort with the topic being discussed.
B)a working moment or action.
C)blocking or holding back a feeling.
D)discomfort with the topic or the other person.

Accepted Answer

Selective body tension typically reflects a working moment or action, such as a person trying to recall information or formulate a response. It is a sign that the person is engaged in the conversation and actively processing information. Therefore, option B is the best choice. Options A, C, and D are not necessarily reflected by selective body tension.

Question 3

Attentiveness is communicated primarily through
A)verbal responses.
B)facial expressions and eye contact.
C)bodily positions and movement.
D)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Attentiveness is communicated through a combination of verbal responses, facial expressions and eye contact, and bodily positions and movements. These nonverbal cues together help convey to others that we are paying attention and engaged in the interaction.

Question 4

Knapp,Hall,and Horgan (2014)note that the greatest amount of information about a client's emotional state is communicated via
A)the hands.
B)the face.
C)posture.
D)the eyes.

Accepted Answer

The authors note that the face is the greatest source of information about a client's emotional state. This is because facial expressions are universal and easily recognizable, providing important cues about a person's emotional state. While nonverbal cues such as posture and hand gesture can also provide information about emotional state, they are not typically as reliable or informative as facial expressions. Similarly, while the eyes can be an important source of information, they are just one component of the face and do not provide as comprehensive a picture of emotional state as the entire face.

Question 5

When a helper's facial expression radiates concern in response to a client's tearful recounting of a loss experience,this is an example of __________.
A)animation
B)mirroring
C)sympathy
D)resonant empathy

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a helper's facial expression radiates concern...

Question 6

Three of the following represent obstacles to the attending process.Which of the following is NOT an obstacle to attentiveness?
A)following the client's metacommunication
B)categorizing the client on the basis of his/her concerns
C)focusing on the facts that the client presents
D)sympathizing with the client and his/her dilemma

Accepted Answer

Following the client's metacommunication is not an obstacle to attentiveness; it actually enhances understanding by paying attention to the underlying messages or nonverbal cues in communication, which can provide deeper insight into the client's feelings or thoughts.

Question 7

The three core conditions of helping are central to the therapeutic process and include all EXCEPT which of the following?
A)genuineness or congruence
B)accurate empathy
C)attentive listening
D)positive regard

Accepted Answer

The three core conditions of helping are genuineness or congruence, accurate empathy, and positive regard. Attentive listening, although important, is not one of the core conditions.

Question 8

Regional and cultural variances are evidenced in a preference for direct eye contact when speaking among __________.
A)Native Americans
B)Euro-Americans
C)inner-city African American youths
D)none of the groups indicated above

Accepted Answer

Euro-Americans are more likely to prefer direct eye contact when speaking, as it is often interpreted as a sign of honesty and engagement in many Western cultures.

Question 9

When a helper verbally acknowledges a topic that the client has brought up,the client will likely
A)continue to develop and pursue the topic.
B)immediately interrupt him/herself and change topics.
C)cut the topic short without fully pursuing it.
D)become silent.

Accepted Answer

When a helper verbally acknowledges a topic that the client has brought up, it signals to the client that the helper is listening and interested in hearing more. This typically leads the client to continue developing and pursuing the topic further.

Question 10

The practice of selective attention refers to
A)the helper making moment-by-moment decisions about what is most important.
B)the client making moment-by-moment decisions about what is most important.
C)the helper deciding at the beginning of the session what that day's focus will be.
D)the client identifying at the beginning of the session what that day's focus will be.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is a skill utilized by the helper where they make moment-by-moment decisions about what is most important to focus on during the session based on their assessment of the client's needs and goals. The client may provide input, but ultimately it is the helper's responsibility to guide the session and focus on what will most benefit the client.

Question 11

Prolonged eye contact may indicate
A)deception.
B)anxiety.
C)aggressiveness.
D)shame.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged eye contact is often associated with aggressiveness as it can be perceived as a challenge or dominance display.

Question 12

The process of choosing whether to focus on a client's cognitive or affective response is called
A)attentiveness.
B)differentiation.
C)verbal following.
D)non-verbal response.

Accepted Answer

The process of choosing between a client's cognitive or affective response is called differentiation. This means that a therapist must be able to differentiate which response the client is expressing so that they can respond to it appropriately. Attentiveness, verbal following, and non-verbal response are all important skills in therapy, but they are not specifically related to this process of choosing between cognitive and affective responses.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is the most likely depiction of the relationship between physical space and the degree of eye contact between the client and helper?
A)Physical space has no effect on degree of eye contact
B)As physical space increases,eye contact decreases.
C)As physical space decreases,eye contact decreases.
D)As physical space decreases,eye contact increases.

Accepted Answer

As physical space decreases, eye contact decreases. This is because when individuals are in close proximity to each other, they may feel uncomfortable making direct eye contact for extended periods of time, and may begin to avoid eye contact altogether. This is commonly observed in intimate or highly emotional situations.

Question 14

The concept of verbal following is demonstrated when the helper
A)further explores the topic by focusing on significant others in the client's life.
B)further explores the topic by focusing on the client's past.
C)shifts topics to collect additional information about the client.
D)does not add any new ideas and reacts only to what the client has just said.

Accepted Answer

Verbal following occurs when the helper does not add any new ideas or shift the topic, but instead reacts only to what the client has just said. This technique is used to show the client that the helper is actively listening and is interested in what they have to say. Therefore, the correct option is D, as it describes this concept accurately. The other options (A, B, and C) involve the helper either adding new topics or exploring new ideas, which is not what verbal following entails.

Question 15

There does not appear to be much variation in __________ across cultures.
A)facial expressions
B)duration and directness of eye contact
C)gestures used to convey meaning
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that facial expressions are relatively universal across cultures, with people from different cultures being able to identify basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, and fear based on facial expressions. While there may be some cultural differences in the use and interpretation of facial expressions, the underlying emotions being conveyed are generally consistent across cultures. On the other hand, there can be significant variation in the duration and directness of eye contact, as well as the gestures used to convey meaning, which are influenced by cultural norms and values. Therefore, options B and C are not the best choices.

Question 16

The four primary categories of universal feelings include:
A)joy,anger,fear,and sadness.
B)envy,loneliness,disgust,and confusion.
C)attraction,aggression,avoidance,and uncertainty.
D)depression,anxiety,boredom,and contentment.

Accepted Answer

The four primary categories of universal feelings are joy, anger, fear, and sadness. These have been identified as common emotions experienced by people across cultures and time periods.

Question 17

Responding primarily to cognitive content can limit
A)the helper's understanding of the client's problem.
B)the client's ability to recognize the influence of their emotions on their behaviour.
C)the client's ability to share his or her thinking in a non-judgemental setting.
D)the helper's ability to relate to the client's family of origin patterns.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Responding primarily to cognitive content can limit
A)the...

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to body positions and use of space in a helping session?
A)Comfort with physical proximity is quite consistent among cultures.
B)Preference for closeness or distance is unaffected by gender.
C)Generally,Euro-Americans helpers and clients sit facing each other.
D)Members of Inuit cultural groups would find it uncomfortable to sit side by side when discussing a personal issue.

Accepted Answer

Generally, Euro-Americans helpers and clients sit facing each other, reflecting a cultural norm in Western societies that values direct eye contact and face-to-face interaction during conversations, including those in a therapeutic or helping context. This contrasts with other cultural preferences where indirect communication or side-by-side seating might be more comfortable or respectful.

Question 19

Listening for context involves attending to elements such as religion or faith heritage,race,ethnicity,gender,sexual orientation,social and economic class,occupation,geography,age,and then
A)waiting for clients to discuss the relevance of the contextual elements to their identity.
B)discussing only those contextual elements that clients bring up.
C)clarifying the meaning that clients attach to each of their contextual elements.
D)discussing those elements the helper believes are relevant to clients' identities.

Accepted Answer

Listening for context and clarifying the meaning that clients attach to each of their contextual elements are essential for understanding their perspectives and experiences fully. This approach respects clients' autonomy and ensures that their views and experiences are accurately interpreted and addressed.

Question 20

The helping professional's body positions and movement play an important role in
A)regulating the space or distance between the helper and a client.
B)commencing and terminating a session.
C)prompting exchange of speaker and listener roles within a conversation.
D)each of a,b,and c

Accepted Answer

All three options (regulating space, commencing/terminating session, and prompting exchange of roles) are ways in which the helping professional's body positions and movement can play an important role in the therapeutic interaction. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer.

Quiz 4: Attending Skills

Differentiation can be based on

During interaction in the helper dyad,selective body tension generally reflects

Attentiveness is communicated primarily through

Knapp,Hall,and Horgan (2014) note that the greatest amount of information about a client's emotional state is communicated via

When a helper's facial expression radiates concern in response to a client's tearful recounting of a loss experience,this is an example of __________.

Three of the following represent obstacles to the attending process.Which of the following is NOT an obstacle to attentiveness?

The three core conditions of helping are central to the therapeutic process and include all EXCEPT which of the following?

Regional and cultural variances are evidenced in a preference for direct eye contact when speaking among __________.

When a helper verbally acknowledges a topic that the client has brought up,the client will likely

The practice of selective attention refers to

Prolonged eye contact may indicate

The process of choosing whether to focus on a client's cognitive or affective response is called

Which of the following statements is the most likely depiction of the relationship between physical space and the degree of eye contact between the client and helper?

The concept of verbal following is demonstrated when the helper

There does not appear to be much variation in __________ across cultures.

The four primary categories of universal feelings include:

Responding primarily to cognitive content can limit

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to body positions and use of space in a helping session?

Listening for context involves attending to elements such as religion or faith heritage,race,ethnicity,gender,sexual orientation,social and economic class,occupation,geography,age,and then

The helping professional's body positions and movement play an important role in