Question 1

The Denial stage of Connor's Stages of Negative Response to Change model occurs when people assume the position that the new initiative will fade away like so many others.

Accepted Answer

The statement correctly describes the Denial stage of Connor's Stages of Negative Response to Change model. People in this stage deny the reality of the new initiative and may assume that it will not be successful or will eventually fade away.

Question 2

Connor's Response to Change models propose that change occurs in both a positive cycle and a negative cycle.

Accepted Answer

Connor's Response to Change models propose that change occurs in both a positive cycle and a negative cycle. The positive cycle involves feelings of curiosity, excitement, engagement, and commitment, while the negative cycle involves feelings of denial, resistance, exploration, and commitment.

Question 3

Each of the following is a method that managers use to successfully manage an organization through a change process except:
A) shielding the product or service during the change process.
B) limiting the amount of change introduced to one project per year.
C) carefully planning the total time involved in the change process.
D) minimizing the downtime of the people involved in the change.

Accepted Answer

Limiting the amount of change introduced to one project per year is not a method that managers use to successfully manage an organization through a change process. Instead, it is more common for managers to carefully plan the total time involved in the change process, minimize the downtime of the people involved in the change, and shield the product or service during the change process to avoid disruption to customers or clients. Limiting change to one project per year may not be feasible or efficient in some organizations, and may also prevent timely implementation of necessary changes.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the systematic, interdisciplinary study of the design, uses and consequences of IT that takes into account their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts?
A) Lewin-Schein model for managing change through IT
B) Social informatics
C) Contingency model
D) Results-driven structure

Accepted Answer

Social informatics is a field of interdisciplinary research that examines the social aspects of computerization, including the design, use, and consequences of information technologies in cultural and institutional contexts. The other choices do not describe this field of study.

Question 5

The Informed Optimism stage of Connor's Stages of Positive Response to Change model occurs when enough time has passed and the ideas have been "tested" within and outside the organization and have received support.

Accepted Answer

The Informed Optimism stage occurs when individuals start to see the benefits of the change after initial challenges, but it does not specifically require ideas to be tested and supported within and outside the organization.

Question 6

Each of the following is a distinct phase of Lewin-Schein's change process except:
A) unfreezing.
B) refreezing.
C) freezing.
D) change.

Accepted Answer

Unfreezing, change, and refreezing are three distinct phases of Lewin-Schein's change process model. Freezing is not a phase of this model.

Question 7

The four keys to implementing change are leadership plus facilitation, get the right people involved, team building, and secure resources.

Accepted Answer

Leadership and facilitation are essential to guide the change process, getting the right people involved ensures buy-in and expertise, team building creates a supportive environment for change, and securing resources provides the necessary tools to implement the change effectively.

Question 8

The refreezing phase of Lewin-Schein's change process is the first step to be taken because it involves getting people to abandon their original habits and procedures for getting their work done so that they are more receptive to change.

Accepted Answer

The refreezing phase is actually the final step in the Lewin-Schein change process, not the first. The first step is the unfreezing phase, which involves helping individuals and teams recognize the need for change and preparing them for it.

Question 9

According to Schein, organizational culture is a significant force in encouraging change because cultural assumptions are easily understood.

Accepted Answer

Schein posits that organizational culture can actually be a barrier to change because the underlying assumptions and values of a culture are often deeply ingrained, taken for granted, and not easily understood or articulated by its members.

Question 10

A primary motivation for successful change is that there is a direct hierarchical order to implement the change.

Accepted Answer

Successful change often requires more than just a directive from the top; it involves clear communication, understanding the need for change, and buy-in from all levels of the organization.

Question 11

One key to refreezing is implementing a new reward system to reinforce the new desired behavior.

Accepted Answer

Refreezing is the process of solidifying new behaviors and making them a permanent part of an individual's repertoire. One of the ways to reinforce these new behaviors is by implementing a new reward system. This helps individuals see the benefits of the new behavior and motivates them to continue doing it. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 12

A primary motivation for change is that people are generally altruistic, thinking that change is in the best interests of the organization as a whole.

Accepted Answer

While altruism can be a motivator for change, the primary motivations often include personal gain, competitive advantage, efficiency improvements, or the need to address specific challenges or opportunities, rather than a general altruistic concern for the organization's well-being.

Question 13

The change phase of Lewin-Schein's change process involves introducing the new process through education and training.

Accepted Answer

The change phase of Lewin-Schein's change process involves introducing the new process through education and training, as well as communication and support to help individuals adopt the change.

Question 14

Each of the following is considered a motivator of change except:
A) pain.
B) seeing that one's own job will benefit from the new processes and technologies.
C) a new version is released.
D) a charismatic leader.

Accepted Answer

A new version being released is not considered a motivator of change in the same way that pain, job improvement, and charismatic leadership can be. The release of a new version may be a reason for change, but it is not a motivator in and of itself.

Question 15

The 80/20 rule, as applied to the management of change, requires 80% of the effort be put into making the change and 20% of the effort be put into preparing for the change.

Accepted Answer

The 80/20 rule as applied to the management of change actually requires 20% of the effort to make the change and 80% of the effort to prepare for the change. This ensures that the change is well-planned and well-executed, leading to a higher likelihood of success.

Question 16

The Lewin-Schein basic model of the change process involves four distinct phases: freezing, unfreezing, change, and refreezing.

Accepted Answer

The Lewin-Schein basic model of the change process involves three distinct phases: unfreezing, change, and refreezing.

Question 17

IT as a changee refers IT as the object of change, such as the change associated with IT due to a major business merger or acquisition.

Accepted Answer

IT as a changee refers to the changes that occur within the IT system as a result of a larger business change or event, such as a merger or acquisition.

Question 18

The key to understanding transnational complexity in the management of change is to perform a thorough stakeholder analysis.

Accepted Answer

A stakeholder analysis helps identify and analyze the interests, expectations, and influence of all relevant stakeholders, including those from different countries and cultural contexts, which enables managers to develop effective change strategies and navigate transnational complexity.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the phase of Lewin-Schein's change process model whereby the new process has become the norm and individuals will not revert to the original way of doing things?
A) Unfreezing
B) Refreezing
C) Freezing
D) Change

Accepted Answer

Refreezing is the phase of Lewin-Schein's change process model whereby the new process has become the norm and individuals will not revert to the original way of doing things. This phase involves reinforcing and stabilizing the changes made during the change phase, so that they become a permanent part of the organization's culture.

Question 20

One of the strongest motivators for unfreezing is "pain."

Accepted Answer

Pain or discomfort is often a strong motivator for people to change and unfreeze from their current state.

Quiz 10: Managing IT Change