Question 1

Which of the following is not true of the relationship between child-development research and family policy?
A)The links between child-development research and family policy have become weaker in recent years.
B)Existing theory and child-development research can be used to evaluate how policies might affect children and their families.
C)Child-development researchers have many methods to assess how families and children are affected by social policies.
D)A focus on social policies can improve child-development research.

Accepted Answer

The other options are all true statements about the relationship between child-development research and family policy, but the first option is false. The links between child-development research and family policy have actually become stronger in recent years, as policymakers increasingly prioritize evidence-based approaches to improving outcomes for children and families.

Question 2

Which of the following is an ethical responsibility that researchers have to the participants in their research?
A)Researchers do not need to explain the use of deception in their studies.
B)Children's data should be linked with their names so that they can be identified easily.
C)Researchers should minimize the potential for harm or stress to their participants.
D)Researchers do not need to describe the research to participants before they decide to participate.

Accepted Answer

One of the primary ethical responsibilities of researchers is to minimize the potential harm or stress that their participants may experience during the study. This can include things like ensuring informed consent, protecting participant privacy, and reducing the likelihood of physical or psychological harm. Options A, B, and D are all either unethical or contradictory to ethical principles.

Question 3

Peer review is a difficult process because
A)academics can be relentlessly unforgiving.
B)it takes a long time to receive a peer review.
C)it generally is not a supported practice in academia.
D)researchers are too easy on each others' work.

Accepted Answer

Academics can be extremely critical in their reviews, often scrutinizing every aspect of the paper. This harsh criticism can make the process of receiving a peer review difficult for authors.

Question 4

Dr. Anderson is interested in the relationship between the number of hours her students spend watching television and their test results. The simplest way of examining that relationship would be to conduct
A)a naturalistic observation.
B)an experiment.
C)a correlational study.
D)a longitudinal study.

Accepted Answer

A correlational study would be the best choice to examine the relationship between hours spent watching TV and test results, as it would allow Dr. Anderson to determine if there is a relationship between the two variables without manipulating any variables or observing in a natural setting. A correlational study could also provide information on the strength and direction of the relationship.

Question 5

The issue of population sampling is important in Canadian psychological research because
A)Canada is very socially diverse and geographically large.
B)Canada has a relatively small population.
C)Canadians are a homogeneous group.
D)research that is applicable to one group of Canadians is applicable to all.

Accepted Answer

Canada is home to a diverse population with many different ethnic and cultural groups spread across a large geographic area. These factors can greatly impact the results of psychological research, making it important to carefully consider population sampling to ensure that the findings are applicable to the broader Canadian population.

Question 6

Which of the following is not true of peer-reviewed academic journals?
A)Peer reviews are typically completed anonymously.
B)Results published in such journals are the basis of virtually all of the information presented in the textbook.
C)They are the most reliable sources to use for term papers.
D)They are widely available in bookstores and at newsstands.

Accepted Answer

Peer-reviewed academic journals are typically not widely available in bookstores and at newsstands. They are usually only available through academic libraries or online databases. Thus, choice D is not true of peer-reviewed academic journals.

Question 7

Laws and regulations that directly or indirectly affect families with children are referred to as
A)family policy.
B)ethical responsibilities.
C)review board issues.
D)cohort effects.

Accepted Answer

Family policy refers to laws, regulations, and social initiatives that directly or indirectly impact families with children. Ethical responsibilities, review board issues, and cohort effects are not specific to family-related regulations and policies.

Question 8

Which of the following is not an ethical principle found in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists?
A)equal pay for equal work
B)responsible caring
C)respect for the dignity of persons
D)responsibility to society

Accepted Answer

Equal pay for equal work is not an ethical principle found in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists. The ethical principles outlined in the Code include responsible caring, respect for the dignity of persons, and responsibility to society, among others.

Question 9

A variable that accounts for a relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is called
A)an interference variable.
B)a moderating variable.
C)a mediator variable.
D)a correlational variable.

Accepted Answer

A variable that accounts for the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is a mediator variable. A mediator variable explains the process by which the independent variable influences the dependent variable. An interference variable is not a common term in statistics. A moderating variable affects the strength or direction of the relationship between two variables, while a correlational variable is not a term used in statistical analysis.

Question 10

A characteristic of a quasi-experimental design is that
A)participants are followed over a period of years.
B)researchers simplify a problem by examining on only a narrow aspect of the problem.
C)groups of participants are not formed by random assignment.
D)they are unlikely to yield implications for family policy.

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental designs do not involve random assignment of participants to groups, making them distinct from true experimental designs.

Question 11

Deciding whether a research study is ethical is
A)usually solely the responsibility of the researcher.
B)typically done by a review board.
C)arbitrary because no one has established uniform guidelines for making decisions about whether research is ethical.
D)determined by whether a study is deemed worthy of publication.

Accepted Answer

Review boards, also known as institutional review boards (IRBs), are responsible for reviewing research studies to ensure that they are ethical and protect the rights and welfare of participants. This process is essential for ensuring that research is conducted in an ethical manner and meets ethical guidelines established for research.

Question 12

Dr. Conrad conducted an investigation of whether children are able to accurately gauge the interest level of their classmates in a typical classroom-learning situation. The results of this investigation would be high in
A)convergent validity.
B)divergent validity.
C)environmental validity.
D)ecological validity.

Accepted Answer

Ecological validity refers to the degree to which findings from a research study accurately reflect real-world settings, and in this case, Dr. Conrad's investigation pertains to the classroom-learning situation, making the results high in ecological validity.

Question 13

Which of the following is associated with negative correlations?
A)convergent validity
B)divergent validity
C)reliability
D)demand characteristics

Accepted Answer

Divergent validity involves testing for negative correlations between variables that are not expected to be related. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Convergent validity focuses on positive correlations between variables that are expected to be related, option A is not associated with negative correlations. Reliability is the consistency or stability of a measure, and demand characteristics refer to cues that participants use to figure out the purpose of the study, neither of which are directly associated with negative correlations, so option C and D are incorrect.

Question 14

Which of the following is not part of Canada's Child Find mandate?
A)provide preventative safety education
B)assist in the location of missing children
C)advocate for the rights of children
D)provide family counselling during reunification

Accepted Answer

While Canada's Child Find mandate does prioritize family reunification efforts in cases where children have gone missing or have been abducted, it does not specifically outline the provision of family counselling services. Instead, its focus is on public education, awareness-raising campaigns, and supporting law enforcement agencies in their efforts to locate and recover missing children.

Quiz 2: Research in Child Development

Which of the following is not true of the relationship between child-development research and family policy?

Which of the following is an ethical responsibility that researchers have to the participants in their research?

Peer review is a difficult process because

Dr. Anderson is interested in the relationship between the number of hours her students spend watching television and their test results. The simplest way of examining that relationship would be to conduct

The issue of population sampling is important in Canadian psychological research because

Which of the following is not true of peer-reviewed academic journals?

Laws and regulations that directly or indirectly affect families with children are referred to as

Which of the following is not an ethical principle found in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists?

A variable that accounts for a relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is called

A characteristic of a quasi-experimental design is that

Deciding whether a research study is ethical is

Dr. Conrad conducted an investigation of whether children are able to accurately gauge the interest level of their classmates in a typical classroom-learning situation. The results of this investigation would be high in

Which of the following is associated with negative correlations?

Which of the following is not part of Canada's Child Find mandate?