Question 1

The biceps brachii is more active during the softball windmill pitch when compared with pitching a baseball.

Accepted Answer

The windmill pitch in softball involves a larger range of motion and greater use of the biceps brachii muscle compared to the overhand pitch used in baseball. Therefore, the biceps brachii is more active during the softball windmill pitch.

Question 2

During the acceleration phase of pitching, the forearm supinates.

Accepted Answer

During the acceleration phase of pitching, the forearm actually pronates as the ball is released, not supinates. Supination would turn the palm upward, while pronation turns it downward, which is necessary for proper ball release and pitch direction.

Question 3

For a right-handed golfer, during which phase of the golf swing does the weight transfer to the lead leg?

Accepted Answer

During the acceleration phase of the golf swing, the weight transfers to the lead leg.

Question 4

Similar to a baseball pitch, golf swing, and tennis serve, the cycling motion has five to six phases.

Accepted Answer

The cycling motion is typically described as having four phases: the power phase (downstroke), the bottom dead center, the recovery phase (upstroke), and the top dead center. Unlike a baseball pitch, golf swing, or tennis serve, which may have more distinct phases due to the complexity of those motions, cycling's repetitive circular motion is generally simplified into these four key parts.

Question 5

Ball release during pitching occurs with the shoulder in medial rotation.

Accepted Answer

Ball release during pitching occurs with the shoulder in maximal external rotation, not medial rotation.

Question 6

Overall, muscular activity of the shoulder muscles is greater during the deceleration phase of a windmill softball pitch compared with the same phase of pitching a baseball.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Overall, muscular activity of the shoulder muscles...

Question 7

During which phase of a golf swing is overall muscle activity greatest?

Accepted Answer

The acceleration phase of a golf swing involves the highest overall muscle activity as this is the stage where the golfer is actively increasing the speed of the club to hit the ball with maximum force.

Question 8

The muscles of the lower extremity, pelvis and trunk provide more than 50% of the force for pitching.

Accepted Answer

The muscles of the lower extremity, pelvis and trunk provide more than 50% of the force for pitching. The remaining force is provided by muscles in the upper extremities, specifically the shoulder and arm muscles.

Question 9

For a right-handed golfer, during which phase of the golf swing are the left external and right internal obliques most active?

Accepted Answer

During the forward swing phase, the left external and right internal obliques are most active for a right-handed golfer, as these muscles help generate the rotational movement and speed necessary for the swing.

Question 10

For a right-handed golfer, during which phase of the golf swing is the right gluteus maximus most active?

Accepted Answer

The right gluteus maximus is most active during the forward swing phase for a right-handed golfer, as it plays a crucial role in generating power and stability as the golfer transitions from the backswing to the downswing.

Question 11

During cycling, the hamstrings act to assist with hip extension during the first half of the power phase and to flex the knee during the second half of the power phase.

Accepted Answer

During the first half of the power phase, the main muscle used for hip extension is the gluteus maximus, while the hamstrings assist. During the second half of the power phase, the hamstrings flex the knee to bring the leg back up towards the body.

Question 12

During the early cocking phase, the body begins to move forward, keeping the arm behind it.

Accepted Answer

During the early cocking phase of throwing, the body starts to move forward while the arm is kept behind, allowing for the build-up of potential energy that will be converted into kinetic energy for the throw.

Question 13

In tennis, the backhand is the most rigorous stroke.

Accepted Answer

The perception of the most rigorous stroke can vary among players, but generally, the serve or forehand is often considered more powerful or demanding due to the mechanics and energy involved. The backhand, whether one-handed or two-handed, typically does not require the same level of physical exertion as the serve, which involves the entire body's kinetic chain, or the forehand, which is often the dominant and more powerful stroke for many players.

Question 14

During the acceleration phase of a tennis serve, the lower extremities muscles reach peak activity levels before the upper extremity muscles.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The lower extremities muscles, such as the glutes, quadriceps, and calf muscles, are responsible for generating the initial force and momentum needed for the tennis serve. This allows the upper extremity muscles, such as the shoulder and arm muscles, to follow through with the motion and generate power for the ball.

Question 15

Throughout most of the windmill pitch in softball, the wrist remains stabilized in flexion.

Accepted Answer

During the windmill pitch in softball, the wrist moves from extension to flexion, allowing the pitcher to generate more power and speed. The wrist is not stabilized in flexion throughout most of the pitch.

Question 16

During the wind-up phase of pitching, a weight transfer occurs from the back leg to the front leg.

Accepted Answer

During the wind-up phase of pitching, the weight transfer actually occurs from the front leg to the back leg, as the pitcher gathers energy to propel the ball forward.

Question 17

Muscle activity during the acceleration phase is primarily concentric in nature.

Accepted Answer

During the acceleration phase, muscles contract concentrically to generate force and produce movement. This type of muscle contraction involves muscle shortening against a resistance, such as when lifting a weight during a bicep curl or pushing off the ground during a sprint.

Question 18

Evidence from research suggests there are no differences in delivery times of the ball to the plate when the body of the pitcher faces the batter compared with when the glove side of the pitcher faces the batter.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there are no significant differences in delivery times when the body of the pitcher faces the batter versus when the glove side of the pitcher faces the batter.

Question 19

As clinical kinesiologists, we routinely perform a quantitative biomechanical assessment of an activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As clinical kinesiologists, we routinely perform a...

Question 20

During the follow-through phase of a golf swing, of what variety are most muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

During the follow-through phase of a golf swing, muscles are lengthening as the golfer completes their swing, which means that eccentric muscle contractions are dominant.

Quiz 15: Kinesiology Applications in Sports and Recreation