Question 1

A child's understanding of the nature of objects,their properties,and how they work defines which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The child's understanding of the nature of objects, their properties, and how they work is defined as their object concept. Object concept refers to the understanding that objects are separate and distinct from each other, have specific properties and functions, and can be manipulated and interacted with in certain ways.

Question 2

According to Piaget,______________________ describe deliberate experimentation with variations of previous actions that occur in the sensorimotor period.

Accepted Answer

Tertiary circular reactions occur in the sensorimotor period and involve deliberate experimentation with variations of previous actions. Primary circular reactions involve repetitive actions without variation and secondary circular reactions involve actions directed towards external objects. Principle circular reactions is not a term used in Piaget's theory.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the research of Renee Baillargeon?

Accepted Answer

Renee Baillargeon's research suggests that infants have innate strategies for learning, particularly in understanding physical properties and events, indicating that some aspects of learning are present from birth.

Question 4

Gregory is a six-month-old baby boy.He is learning about his environment through touching things,putting things in his mouth,and scooting around on the floor.According to Piaget,Greg is in which stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes the sensorimotor stage, which lasts from birth to approximately age two. During this stage, infants like Greg learn about their environment through their senses and motor activities. They begin to understand cause-and-effect relationships and develop object permanence.

Question 5

Which of the following terms is used to describe a strategy in which researchers move an object in a way that the infant does not expect?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe a strategy in which researchers move an object in a way that the infant does not expect is the violation-of-expectations method. This method is used to study infant's cognitive development and their ability to understand the physical world. The violation-of-object-permanence method is a specific application of the violation-of-expectations method that focuses on infants' understanding of object permanence. The other two options, violation-of-object-concept method and violation-of-experience method, are not commonly used terms in developmental psychology research.

Question 6

Which of the following is the best description of tertiary circular reactions?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary circular reactions occur between ages 12-18 months, when a child engages in purposeful exploration through trial-and-error processes. The child is essentially experimenting with cause-and-effect relationships and discovering how the world works. This is a marked shift from earlier circular reactions, which were more reflexive in nature.

Question 7

Dominic is eight months old.He sees a toy that he wants to play with,but it is out of reach.He uses the toy in his hand to drag the out-of-reach toy closer.What is Dominic demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Dominic is using a means-end behavior by using the toy in his hand as a "tool" to reach the out-of-reach toy. This demonstrates an understanding of cause and effect and problem-solving skills. Reflexive behavior is automatic responses to stimuli, coordination of secondary schemes involves intentionally repeating actions to achieve a goal, and mental representation involves the ability to think about objects and events even when they are not present. None of these concepts fully explain Dominic's behavior in this situation.

Question 8

In which substage did Piaget suggest that children can first imitate the facial expressions of others?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which substage did Piaget suggest that...

Question 9

According to Piaget,_____________________ describe repetitive actions oriented around external objects.

Accepted Answer

Secondary circular reactions, according to Piaget, describe the stage where infants repeat actions that involve external objects, showing an understanding of the world through repetition of actions that produce effects on the environment.

Question 10

In which substage of Piaget's sensorimotor cognitive development will babies look for partially hidden objects?

Accepted Answer

In the third substage of Piaget's sensorimotor cognitive development, which occurs around 4 to 8 months of age, babies begin to look for partially hidden objects. This indicates the development of object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.

Question 11

What did research carried out by Herbert,Gross & Hayne in 2006 demonstrate regarding deferred imitation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did research carried out by Herbert,Gross...

Question 12

Vernon is a 14-month-old toddler.His family laughs when he waves bye-bye because he seems to be waving at himself.Piaget would attribute this twist on the bye-bye wave to which of the following ideas?

Accepted Answer

Piaget proposed that in the sensorimotor stage (which Vernon is in), children learn through imitation and experimentation. They do not yet have a full understanding of object permanence, which means they cannot mentally represent objects that are not currently present. Therefore, they are not waving bye-bye because they understand the concept of saying goodbye. Instead, they are likely imitating what they see others do, including waving their hands.

Question 13

Glynnis is 14 months old.She is trying out new things,playing with her toys,and manipulating objects in new ways-experimenting with her environment.Glynnis is in which substage of Piaget's first cognitive stage?

Accepted Answer

Glynnis is in the tertiary circular reactions substage, which occurs from about 12 to 18 months of age. During this period, children experiment with new things in their environment, showing the behaviors described.

Question 14

Piaget argued that imitating other people's facial gestures was a complex skill because it required what?

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that imitating facial gestures required the ability to combine visual and kinesthetic cues, as it involves matching one's own movements to the observed actions of others.

Question 15

What is Piaget's first stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage, which occurs from birth to around 2 years old. At this stage, infants use their senses and motor skills to learn about the world around them, and develop object permanence and other basic cognitive abilities.

Question 16

By what age does your text suggest that most infants develop the understanding that objects still exist even when they are out of the infant's sight?

Accepted Answer

The answer of By what age does your text suggest...

Question 17

According to your text,which of the following statements is correct concerning challenges to Piaget's theories?

Accepted Answer

Recent research has challenged some aspects of Piaget's theories, including his underestimation of the cognitive abilities of infants. However, there is no evidence that his assessments of infants have been largely discredited or that he overestimated their abilities. The question of ethnicity was not specifically addressed in the text.

Question 18

When a child looks for an object in the place where it was last seen and gives up if it is not there,what type of logic are they demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

The A-not-B error is a type of logic demonstrated by infants where they continue to search for an object in the place (A) where it was last found, even after observing it being hidden in a different location (B). If the child gives up searching for the object after not finding it in the place (A) where it was last seen, it is still a demonstration of the A-not-B error. Representational logic, object permanence error, and trial-and-error logic are not relevant in this scenario.

Question 19

Chun Lee sticks anything in his mouth that he can get his hands on.He has also started looking in the general direction of sounds that he hears.Chun Lee is exhibiting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Primary circular reactions are typical for infants around Chun Lee's age, characterized by repetitive actions focused on the infant's own body, such as sucking on objects. This stage also includes the beginning of coordination between vision and hearing.

Question 20

According to Piaget,____________________ describe a baby's simple repetitive actions that are organized around the baby's own body.

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that during the sensorimotor stage, infants engage in circular reactions, which are repetitive actions that involve the coordination of sensations and muscles. Primary circular reactions specifically refer to repetitive actions that are focused on the infant's own body, such as sucking their thumb or toes. Secondary circular reactions involve repetitive actions focused on objects in the environment, while tertiary circular reactions involve deliberate experimentation and variation in actions. The concept of principle circular reactions does not exist in Piaget's theory.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy