Question 1

In a case of vague informed consent, Havasupai Tribe members gave blood samples for the purposes of research on ______________ but the blood samples were actually used for contested research involving factors related to _______________.
A) diabetes; syphilis
B) syphilis; diabetes
C) diabetes; schizophrenia
D) schizophrenia; diabetes
E) syphilis; schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

The Havasupai Tribe members gave blood samples for research on diabetes, but the samples were later used for research on schizophrenia, among other things, without their informed consent. This led to significant ethical controversy and legal action.

Question 2

Being a neuroscientist typically requires a
A) PhD degree.
B) Master's degree.
C) technical degree.
D) Bachelor's degree.
E) associate degree.

Accepted Answer

Becoming a neuroscientist typically requires obtaining a PhD degree in neuroscience or a related field. This is the highest level of education one can obtain in their field and is necessary for career advancement and conducting independent research. A Bachelor's degree or Master's degree may provide a foundation for pursuing a PhD, but they are not sufficient for a career in neuroscience. Technical degrees and associate degrees are also insufficient for a career as a neuroscientist.

Question 3

A stroke induces brain damage because of
A) compression of glial cells.
B) reduced blood flow to a region of the brain.
C) increased cranial pressure.
D) increased nutrient flow to brain tissue.
E) increased blood flow to a region of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A stroke occurs when there is reduced blood flow to a region of the brain, leading to an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. This lack of oxygen and nutrients leads to brain damage. Compression of glial cells, increased cranial pressure, and increased nutrient flow to brain tissue do not result in a stroke. Although increased blood flow can be beneficial in some cases, it is not the cause of a stroke.

Question 4

Professionals in neuroscience can be from which background(s)?
A) biology
B) biology or psychology
C) chemistry or psychology
D) biology, psychology, or chemistry
E) biology, psychology, chemistry, or computer science

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary science that involves the study of the nervous system. Professionals in this field can come from various backgrounds, including biology, psychology, chemistry, and computer science, as each of these disciplines contributes unique perspectives and methodologies to the study of the brain and nervous system.

Question 5

The board of scientists and laypeople who review studies with human participants to determine if they protect human rights is called the
A) Institutional Research Board.
B) University Research Board.
C) Institutional Review Board.
D) Institutional Research Review Board.
E) University Review Board.

Accepted Answer

The correct term for the group that reviews studies with human participants is the Institutional Review Board (IRB). This board is responsible for determining if the study is ethical and protects the rights and welfare of the participants. The other options listed are either incorrect or do not use the correct terminology.

Question 6

The key deficit suffered by Jeremiah in the chapter vignette was impaired ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The key deficit suffered by Jeremiah in...

Question 7

Which of the following would have to undergo IRB review?
A) recording whether or not men make remarks to a woman who is walking down the street
B) watching people at the mall to see if they are friendly when passing each other
C) providing depression medication to an experimental group
D) unobtrusively timing how long it takes women to urinate
E) observing whether individuals open the door for others

Accepted Answer

Providing depression medication to an experimental group involves a potential risk to human subjects and therefore requires IRB review for ethical considerations such as informed consent, privacy, and potential harm or benefits to participants.

Answer: D
 Unobtrusively timing how long it takes women to urinate is sensitive information that may be considered an invasion of privacy, and therefore requires IRB review.

The other choices, A, B, and E, do not involve potential harm or risk to human subjects and are more naturally occurring observations or behaviors, therefore they do not require IRB review.

Question 8

An emerging interdisciplinary field, ______________, is devoted to better understanding the implications of and developing best practices in ethics for neuroscience.
A) neuroscience ethics
B) bioethics
C) biology ethics
D) neuroethics
E) ethics for behavioral neuroscience

Accepted Answer

The term "neuroethics" is specifically focused on the ethical considerations related to the field of neuroscience, including issues related to brain research, neurotechnology, and the impact of neuroscience on society. The other options (A, B, C, E) could also cover ethical considerations in neuroscience, but do not use the specific term "neuroethics" to refer to this field.

Question 9

Individuals with a Ph.D., usually in psychology, who study the behavior of people whose brains have been damaged by natural causes are
A) neurologists.
B) neuroscientists.
C) cognitive neuroscientists.
D) behavioral researchers.
E) physiological psychologists.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuroscience is the study of the biological processes that underlie a person's cognition, with a focus on understanding how different areas of the brain interact and contribute to behavior. Individuals with a Ph.D. in psychology who study the behavior of people whose brains have been damaged by natural causes fit this description, as they seek to understand the relationship between brain function and behavior.

Question 10

Neuroethics is concerned with
A) ensuring that individuals over 18 years of age have parental consent to participate in research.
B) privacy of brain imaging information.
C) informed consent statements that include detailed background information on the study being conducted.
D) ensuring that research participation does not last longer than 1 hour.
E) ensuring that all studies include some form of imaging.

Accepted Answer

Neuroethics is concerned with the ethical, legal, and social implications of neuroscience and its applications. One of the most pressing issues in neuroethics is the privacy and confidentiality of individuals' brain imaging information. This includes concerns about who has access to the information, how it is stored and shared, and how it could potentially be used to discriminate against individuals.

Question 11

________ are physicians trained to diagnose and to treat central nervous system diseases.
A) Psychologists
B) Neurologists
C) Anatomists
D) Behavioral neuroscientists
E) Experimental neuropsychologists

Accepted Answer

Neurologists are physicians who specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases related to the central nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Psychologists, anatomists, and behavioral neuroscientists may work in related fields but are not specifically trained to treat neurological disorders. Experimental neuropsychologists conduct research on the relationship between the brain and behavior.

Question 12

________ is the original name for the field that involves the study of the physiology of behavior.
A) Behavioral neuroscience
B) Biopsychology
C) Psychobiology
D) Physiological psychology
E) Biological pseudoscience

Accepted Answer

Physiological psychology is the original term used for the field that focuses on the study of the physiological basis of behavior. This field examines how the brain and nervous system influence actions, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 13

In 2010, a case of vague informed consent led to legal and financial consequences for the research group who conducted the study. What was the case?
A) Havasupai Tribe v. Arizona Board of Regents
B) Havasupai Tribe v. Arizona Board of Researchers
C) Havasupai Tribe v. University of Minnesota
D) GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) v. Havasupai Tribe
E) Havasupai Tribe v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute

Accepted Answer

The case is commonly known as Havasupai Tribe v. Arizona Board of Regents. In this case, the Havasupai Indian tribe sued the Arizona Board of Regents for allowing researchers to use blood samples in a diabetes study for purposes beyond what the tribe had consented to. The lawsuit alleged that the researchers had committed fraud, breach of contract, and other legal violations. The case was settled for $700,000 in favor of the Havasupai Tribe.

Question 14

________ is the common name used today for the area that involves the study the physiology of behavior.
A) Behavioral neuroscience
B) Biopsychology
C) Psychobiology
D) Physiological psychology
E) Biological pseudoscience

Accepted Answer

Behavioral neuroscience is the modern term commonly used to describe the study of the physiological bases of behavior.

Question 15

You should not sign an informed consent if it is missing
A) the researcher's hypothesis.
B) background literature about the study.
C) risks and benefits.
D) the researcher's opinion about the literature.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent should include information about the possible risks and benefits of participating in the study. The researcher's hypothesis and opinion about the literature may be included but are not essential components of informed consent. Background literature is also helpful, but not strictly necessary.

Question 16

A statement in which the researcher informs any potential participant about the nature of the study, how the data will be collected and stored, and what the anticipated benefits and costs will be for participating is called
A) right to withdraw.
B) agreement.
C) research agreement.
D) informed consent.
E) informed agreement.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is a statement given by a researcher to any potential participant, providing them with information about the study's nature, data collection and storage methods, and potential benefits and costs. This is done to ensure that participants understand the study's purpose and what their involvement will entail, and to obtain their voluntary agreement to participate.

Question 17

A friend of yours was asked to be a research participant for a study investigating the effect of a pain reliever on muscle tears. In order to test the effectiveness of the drug, your friend will need to engage in physical activity that results in small tears in the muscles of the forearm. You caution that all studies involving human subjects must include
A) freedom from risks.
B) monetary benefits for participants.
C) informed consent.
D) parental consent even if over the age of 18 years.
E) freedom from benefits.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is necessary for any study involving human subjects. This means that the participant must be fully informed about the nature of the study, the potential risks and benefits, and the right to withdraw from the study at any time. Monetary benefits or freedom from benefits are not necessary for ethical research. Parental consent is only required for minors, not for adult participants. Freedom from risks is an ideal, but not always possible, and studies must balance potential harm with potential benefit.

Question 18

________ is the belief that mind and body are separate entities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the belief that mind and...

Question 19

________ represent explanations used by all scientists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ represent explanations used by all scientists....

Question 20

Research with monkeys in the 1990s indicated that damaged nerves could be regenerated over time. This finding supports which concept of brain?
A) flexibility
B) rigidity
C) plasticity
D) stasis
E) transformability

Accepted Answer

The concept of brain that is supported by the finding that damaged nerves can be regenerated over time is plasticity. This refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself in response to changes in the environment or injury.

Quiz 1: Introduction

In a case of vague informed consent, Havasupai Tribe members gave blood samples for the purposes of research on but the blood samples were actually used for contested research involving factors related to _.

Being a neuroscientist typically requires a

A stroke induces brain damage because of

Professionals in neuroscience can be from which background(s) ?

The board of scientists and laypeople who review studies with human participants to determine if they protect human rights is called the

The key deficit suffered by Jeremiah in the chapter vignette was impaired ________.

Which of the following would have to undergo IRB review?

An emerging interdisciplinary field, ______________, is devoted to better understanding the implications of and developing best practices in ethics for neuroscience.

Individuals with a Ph.D., usually in psychology, who study the behavior of people whose brains have been damaged by natural causes are

Neuroethics is concerned with

________ are physicians trained to diagnose and to treat central nervous system diseases.

________ is the original name for the field that involves the study of the physiology of behavior.

In 2010, a case of vague informed consent led to legal and financial consequences for the research group who conducted the study. What was the case?

________ is the common name used today for the area that involves the study the physiology of behavior.

You should not sign an informed consent if it is missing

A statement in which the researcher informs any potential participant about the nature of the study, how the data will be collected and stored, and what the anticipated benefits and costs will be for participating is called

________ is the belief that mind and body are separate entities.

________ represent explanations used by all scientists.

Research with monkeys in the 1990s indicated that damaged nerves could be regenerated over time. This finding supports which concept of brain?