Question 1

If a child has a characteristic that is largely determined by genetics, he/she would be most similar to
A) biological parents.
B) adoptive parents.
C) cousins.
D) brothers.
E) no one.

Accepted Answer

Characteristics determined by genetics are inherited from biological parents through DNA. Adoptive parents, cousins, and brothers may share some similarities, but not to the same extent as biological parents. Therefore, the child would be most similar to their biological parents in terms of genetically determined characteristics.

Question 2

In the ________ technique, a modified strand of RNA or DNA binds with specific molecules of mRNA, thereby preventing the protein encoded by the mRNA from being produced.
A) autoradiography
B) knockout
C) immediate early gene
D) antisense oligonucleotide
E) optogenetic protein

Accepted Answer

The technique described is the antisense oligonucleotide technique, in which a modified strand of RNA or DNA binds to specific molecules of mRNA to prevent protein production.

Question 3

Peptides or proteins can be localized in the brain using
A) immunocytochemistry.
B) microiontophoresis.
C) in situ hybridization.
D) high-performance liquid chromatography.
E) microelectrodes.

Accepted Answer

Immunocytochemistry is the best choice for localizing peptides or proteins in the brain. This method involves using antibodies that are specific to the peptide or protein of interest, which can then be visualized using fluorescent or enzymatic labeling methods. This allows for precise localization of the peptide or protein within specific cells or brain regions. The other methods listed are not as well-suited for localization of peptides or proteins in the brain. Microiontophoresis involves the injection of small amounts of a substance into brain tissue, which is not precise enough for localization. In situ hybridization is used to identify the presence of specific nucleic acid sequences, not peptides or proteins. High-performance liquid chromatography is used to separate and purify compounds and cannot be used for localization. Microelectrodes are used to measure electrical activity in the brain and cannot be used for localization of peptides or proteins.

Question 4

The Doogie mouse was genetically engineered to have NMDA receptors that become more efficient with age. This animal would be considered an example of a
A) knock in.
B) wildtype.
C) knock out.
D) conditional knock out.
E) conditional knock in.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Doogie mouse was genetically engineered to...

Question 5

If one twin has Syndrome Z and the other is more likely to have it than the average non-related individual, then Syndrome Z is
A) concordant.
B) discordant.
C) dissimilar.
D) similar.
E) dizygotic.

Accepted Answer

Concordance refers to the agreement between twins with respect to a trait. If one twin has Syndrome Z and the other also has it, they are concordant. This suggests a possible genetic component to the disorder. If the twins had different outcomes (one had Syndrome Z and the other did not), they would be discordant. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 6

The textbook suggests that brain tissue can be fixed with ________ to prevent autolysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The textbook suggests that brain tissue can...

Question 7

Microdialysis is not done in humans for research purposes owing to
A) the prohibitively high cost of the procedure has led most insurers to refuse to pay for such research.
B) difficulty in obtaining human volunteers.
C) problems related to the surgical implantation of probes into human brain.
D) ethical problems because the procedure is invasive.
E) the levels of transmitters within human brain are below the level of detection of the technique.

Accepted Answer

Microdialysis is considered invasive because it involves the surgical implantation of probes into the brain or other tissues, which raises ethical concerns when proposed for research purposes in humans.

Question 8

________ refers to a histological procedure in which blood is drained and replaced by another fluid, such as a salt solution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ refers to a histological procedure in...

Question 9

Mom contributes a blue eye gene whereas dad contributes a brown eye gene. The pair is called
A) chromosomes.
B) an allele.
C) a genome.
D) a linkage.
E) genes.

Accepted Answer

The blue and brown eye genes are different versions of the same gene, called an allele. When two different alleles are present in an individual, it is called heterozygous, meaning two different versions of the same gene exist at the same locus on the two homologous chromosomes.

Question 10

A transmitter such as acetylcholine can be localized in the brain by
A) immunocytochemistry.
B) detecting the enzyme that produces acetylcholine.
C) macroelectrodes.
D) microelectrodes.
E) optogenetic tracing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A transmitter such as acetylcholine can be...

Question 11

Produced by some white blood cells, ________ are used by neuroscientists to bind specific proteins in the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Produced by some white blood cells, ________...

Question 12

________ scans can differentiate white matter from gray matter in the living human brain but cannot be used to identify small bundles of axons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ scans can differentiate white matter from...

Question 13

________ scans can be used to classify small collections of axon bundles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ scans can be used to classify...

Question 14

The textbook suggests that ________ is a common drug that can be used in retrograde tracing procedures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The textbook suggests that ________ is a...

Question 15

If one twin has Syndrome B and the other is no more likely to have it than the average non-related individual, then Syndrome B is
A) concordant.
B) discordant.
C) dissimilar.
D) similar.
E) dizygotic.

Accepted Answer

Twins are said to be concordant for a trait if both have the trait, and discordant if only one twin has the trait. Since one twin has Syndrome B and the other does not have an increased chance of having it, they are discordant.

Question 16

________ is the most common stain used to visualize cell bodies in brain tissue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the most common stain used...

Question 17

A key advantage of the microdialysis technique is
A) it can assess brain function on a moment-by-moment basis.
B) the ability to sample transmitter substances in an awake living organism.
C) that it uses radioactive molecules that break down quickly.
D) that it can be easily used in humans.
E) that only very small computers are needed for this technique to monitor brain function.

Accepted Answer

The key advantage of the microdialysis technique is the ability to sample transmitter substances in an awake living organism. This is a unique advantage compared to other techniques that require either invasive procedures or measurement in a deceased organism. Additionally, the technique has the ability to monitor levels on a moment-by-moment basis, allowing for dynamic measurements. The technique does not rely on radioactive molecules and can be used in both animals and humans. The use of small computers is not unique to microdialysis and is a common element in modern research techniques.

Question 18

Which of the following techniques can be used to detect the location of acetylcholine in brain?
A) in situ hybridization
B) autoradiography
C) immunocytochemistry aimed at choline acetyltransferase
D) microiontophoresis
E) fMRI

Accepted Answer

Immunocytochemistry aimed at choline acetyltransferase can be used to detect the location of acetylcholine in the brain. This technique involves the use of antibodies that bind to choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for synthesizing acetylcholine. Therefore, by detecting the location of choline acetyltransferase, the location of acetylcholine can be indirectly determined. In situ hybridization, autoradiography, microiontophoresis, and fMRI are not direct methods for detecting the location of acetylcholine.

Question 19

Which of the following is strong evidence for an environmental contribution to a behavior?
A) Adopted children resemble their biological families with regard to a trait.
B) Monozygotic twins have a higher concordance rate than do dizygotic twins.
C) Dizygotic twins have a lower concordance rate than do monozygotic twins.
D) Adopted children resemble their adopted families with regard to a trait.
E) None of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

The fact that adopted children resemble their adopted families with regard to a certain trait suggests that environmental factors, rather than genetics, played a significant role in shaping that behavior.

Question 20

________ kills nerve cells through the process of overexcitation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ kills nerve cells through the process...

Quiz 5: Methods and Strategies of Research

If a child has a characteristic that is largely determined by genetics, he/she would be most similar to

In the ________ technique, a modified strand of RNA or DNA binds with specific molecules of mRNA, thereby preventing the protein encoded by the mRNA from being produced.

Peptides or proteins can be localized in the brain using

The Doogie mouse was genetically engineered to have NMDA receptors that become more efficient with age. This animal would be considered an example of a

If one twin has Syndrome Z and the other is more likely to have it than the average non-related individual, then Syndrome Z is

The textbook suggests that brain tissue can be fixed with ________ to prevent autolysis.

Microdialysis is not done in humans for research purposes owing to

________ refers to a histological procedure in which blood is drained and replaced by another fluid, such as a salt solution.

Mom contributes a blue eye gene whereas dad contributes a brown eye gene. The pair is called

A transmitter such as acetylcholine can be localized in the brain by

Produced by some white blood cells, ________ are used by neuroscientists to bind specific proteins in the nervous system.

________ scans can differentiate white matter from gray matter in the living human brain but cannot be used to identify small bundles of axons.

________ scans can be used to classify small collections of axon bundles.

The textbook suggests that ________ is a common drug that can be used in retrograde tracing procedures.

If one twin has Syndrome B and the other is no more likely to have it than the average non-related individual, then Syndrome B is

________ is the most common stain used to visualize cell bodies in brain tissue.

A key advantage of the microdialysis technique is

Which of the following techniques can be used to detect the location of acetylcholine in brain?

Which of the following is strong evidence for an environmental contribution to a behavior?

________ kills nerve cells through the process of overexcitation.