Question 1

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism
A) have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited.
B) are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors.
C) suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.
D) have identified the gene that causes alcoholism.

Accepted Answer

Studies have suggested that certain individuals may have an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol that increases their vulnerability to alcohol abuse, but the precise genetic mechanisms involved remain unclear. While there is evidence that alcoholism can run in families, it is difficult to determine whether this is due to genetic or environmental factors. The idea that a specific gene causes alcoholism is overly simplistic and has not been supported by research.

Question 2

Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are ________ than among European peoples. This fact may be related to ________.
A) higher; genetic differences in the sensitivity of the MCLP
B) higher; genetic differences in the ability to metabolize alcohol
C) lower; religious differences in the acceptability of alcohol
D) lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

Accepted Answer

lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

Question 3

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is
A) the presence of hallucinations.
B) a deep sleep, following which the individual has no memory of past events.
C) acute fear and extreme suggestibility.
D) a memory defect for recent events.

Accepted Answer

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is a memory defect for recent events. This may include difficulty in learning and retaining new information, as well as forgetting events that occurred shortly before the onset of the disorder. Hallucinations, sleep disturbances, fear, and suggestibility may also occur, but are not the central feature of the disorder.

Question 4

Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which of the following behaviors?
A) Delusions of grandeur and an inability to get to sleep
B) Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations
C) Severe memory deficit and the tendency to falsify reporting events (confabulation)
D) Prolonged sleep followed by convulsions and heart failure

Accepted Answer

Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations are common symptoms of alcohol withdrawal delirium. Delusions of grandeur and confabulation are more commonly associated with other types of delirium, while prolonged sleep followed by convulsions and heart failure are more severe symptoms that may occur in some cases but are not typically the initial symptoms of alcohol withdrawal delirium.

Question 5

Concerning the causes of alcoholism,
A) there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence.
B) there is strong evidence that individuals at risk for alcohol dependence inherit a faulty metabolism.
C) most research evidence points to genetic liability as the primary cause of alcohol dependence in men, but not in women.
D) the causes of alcohol dependence are primarily psychosocial rather than biological in nature.

Accepted Answer

There is no single cause of alcoholism, and it is likely that different patterns of causes are associated with different types of alcohol dependence. Factors that may contribute to alcoholism include genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors.

Question 6

Malnutrition
A) does not occur in alcoholics since alcohol provides both calories and nutrients.
B) only occurs when alcoholics are destitute and not able to afford to purchase food.
C) may occur in alcoholics since alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients.
D) is rare among alcoholics because alcohol is most commonly consumed with food.

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition may occur in alcoholics because chronic alcohol consumption can interfere with the body's ability to absorb and use nutrients, leading to deficiencies. Even if an alcoholic is consuming enough calories through alcohol, they may still not be getting the necessary vitamins and minerals for good health.

Question 7

Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics
A) experience more pleasure when they ingest alcohol than nonalcoholic men.
B) experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men.
C) tend to be more impulsive than the general population.
D) respond less dramatically to alcohol related-cues than nonalcoholic men.

Accepted Answer

experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men

Question 8

Alcohol withdrawal delirium
A) occurs when alcohol and other drugs are used simultaneously.
B) most commonly occurs in alcoholics who suffer from a mood or personality disorder.
C) typically lasts from three to six days.
D) is characterized by dissociative and amnesic symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol withdrawal delirium, also known as delirium tremens, typically lasts from three to six days. It is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal that can occur in individuals who abruptly stop drinking after heavy and prolonged alcohol use. Symptoms include confusion, agitation, tremors, hallucinations, and seizures. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention. Alcohol and other drug use can contribute to the development of delirium, but it is not necessary for its occurrence. Mood and personality disorders may also be present, but they are not the primary cause of alcohol withdrawal delirium. Dissociative and amnesic symptoms are more characteristic of other conditions such as dissociative disorders or amnestic disorders.

Question 9

James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is
A) nearly 100 percent.
B) greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.
C) no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.
D) about 10 percent higher than if he had no alcoholic parents.

Accepted Answer

Having one alcoholic parent increases a person's risk for alcoholism compared to someone with no alcoholic parents. Having two alcoholic parents further increases the risk, although it is not a guarantee that James will develop alcoholism. Research suggests that having two alcoholic parents increases the risk more than having just one, but it is not nearly 100 percent.

Question 10

Alcoholic psychosis may occur due to
A) low thiamine levels.
B) decreased GABA levels.
C) high opioid levels.
D) impaired serotonergic functioning.

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic psychosis is a severe mental condition that can occur in people with alcohol dependence. It may result from low levels of thiamine, a B-vitamin that is essential for the proper functioning of the brain. Chronic alcohol abuse can interfere with the body's ability to absorb thiamine, leading to a deficiency. This deficiency can cause damage to the brain's nerve cells and lead to the development of mental health symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, and delusions.

Question 11

The "alcohol flush reaction"
A) is seen during alcohol withdrawal.
B) produces a spike in blood pressure and body temperature.
C) results from an inability to metabolize alcohol.
D) might explain the reduced rate of alcoholism seen among Native American peoples.

Accepted Answer

The alcohol flush reaction results from an inability to metabolize alcohol, specifically the enzyme ALDH2. This can cause symptoms such as facial flushing, rapid heartbeat, and dizziness.

Question 12

Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality?
A) Tim, who is shy, anxious, and withdrawn.
B) Brian, who is organized, detail-oriented, and ambitious.
C) Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning.
D) Art, who is frequently depressed and has a low level of self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Sean's description includes risk-taking behavior and poor planning, which are characteristics associated with increased alcohol risk. The other options do not necessarily suggest an alcohol-risk personality.

Question 13

Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are
A) alcoholic tolerance and alcoholic withdrawal.
B) what used to be called "alcohol dependence" and "alcohol withdrawal."
C) what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis."
D) alcohol intoxication and alcohol amnestic disorder.

Accepted Answer

Delirium tremens (DTs) and Korsakoff's psychosis are the commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. DTs refers to a severe withdrawal syndrome which includes confusion, agitation, tremors, seizures, and hallucinations. Korsakoff's psychosis is a cognitive disorder that results from thiamine deficiency and is characterized by memory impairment and confabulation.

Question 14

Cirrhosis of the liver
A) is a rare complication of alcoholism.
B) is due to an allergic-type reaction of the body to alcohol.
C) is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol.
D) is debilitating but rarely fatal.

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis of the liver is caused by the liver trying to process and break down large amounts of alcohol over a prolonged period of time, leading to scarring and damage of the liver tissue. It is a common complication of long-term alcoholism.

Question 15

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)?
A) It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.
B) It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder.
C) It metabolizes all psychoactive drugs.
D) It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns.

Accepted Answer

The mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP) is known to play a major role in the reward system of the brain, and is activated by drugs such as cocaine and opioids, leading to euphoria and addictive behaviors.

Question 16

All drugs that people become dependent upon
A) are socially acceptable.
B) act on pleasure pathways in the brain.
C) provide the user with renewed energy.
D) produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased.

Accepted Answer

act on pleasure pathways in the brain

Question 17

Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because
A) alcohol has few calories.
B) alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients.
C) alcoholism impairs her ability to choose healthy foods.
D) alcoholism causes people to lose their appetites.

Accepted Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption impairs the body's ability to absorb and utilize nutrients, leading to malnutrition even if the person is consuming enough food. Alcohol damages the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas, which are vital for nutrient absorption and digestion. This can lead to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals like thiamine, folate, vitamin B6, and zinc, which play crucial roles in overall health.

Question 18

Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as
A) alcoholic withdrawal.
B) alcohol withdrawal delirium.
C) delirium tremens.
D) alcohol amnestic disorder.

Accepted Answer

Korsakoff's psychosis is a neurological disorder resulting from a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1) caused by alcohol abuse. It is characterized by severe memory loss, confabulation, and cognitive impairments. The current diagnosis for this condition is alcohol amnestic disorder. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they refer to other alcohol-related disorders that are not synonymous with Korsakoff's psychosis.

Question 19

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing
A) a severe hangover.
B) alcohol withdrawal delirium.
C) alcohol amnestic disorder.
D) alcohol-induced psychosis.

Accepted Answer

John is experiencing symptoms of alcohol withdrawal delirium, also known as delirium tremens. This can occur when a person who is physically dependent on alcohol suddenly stops or significantly reduces their intake. Symptoms can include confusion, hallucinations, tremors, and seizures. It is a serious medical emergency and requires immediate attention.

Question 20

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes
A) Down syndrome in the child.
B) incomplete fusion of the spinal canal in the child.
C) aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child.
D) premature birth and higher rates of still-births.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early...

Quiz 11: Substance-Related Disorders

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism

Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are than among European peoples. This fact may be related to .

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is

Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens) . She most likely showed which of the following behaviors?

Concerning the causes of alcoholism,

Malnutrition

Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics

Alcohol withdrawal delirium

James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is

Alcoholic psychosis may occur due to

The "alcohol flush reaction"

Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality?

Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are

Cirrhosis of the liver

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP) ?

All drugs that people become dependent upon

Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because

Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes