Question 1

A nurse recognizes that the physical size and functioning of a person is called

Accepted Answer

Physical development refers to the changes in size and function of a person's body. Moral development pertains to a person's ability to distinguish right from wrong, while cognitive development focuses on a person's mental abilities such as perception, memory, and reasoning. Psychosocial development involves the interaction between psychological factors and social experiences that shape a person's personality and character.

Question 2

A nurse recognizes that the increase in complexity of skills performed by a person is called

Accepted Answer

Development refers to the process of acquiring new skills and abilities, and increasing the complexity of existing skills. This process leads to overall growth and improvement in an individual's capabilities.

Question 3

When performing a physical assessment on a neonate, a nurse notes a triangular-shaped soft area that is not yet fused together toward the back of the top of the head. The nurse should

Accepted Answer

The triangular-shaped soft area (also known as the fontanelle) is a normal finding in a neonate. It allows for the growing brain to expand and for the head to mold during the birthing process. It typically fuses together by 18-24 months of age. Therefore, the nurse should document this finding as normal.

Question 4

The mother of a 1-year-old child asks a nurse how much her child should weigh. The nurse asks the mother what the child weighed at birth. The mother responds that the child weighed 7 pounds and 8 ounces at birth. The nurse tells the mother that the child's weight at 1 year of age should be

Accepted Answer

Typically, infants triple their birth weight by their first birthday. Since the child weighed 7 pounds and 8 ounces at birth, tripling this weight would approximately equal 22.5 pounds.

Question 5

The psychoanalyst who theorized that psychosocial development occurs throughout one's life in distinct stages is

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson is the psychoanalyst who theorized that psychosocial development occurs throughout one's life in distinct stages. His theory includes eight stages, each with its own psychosocial crisis, that individuals move through from birth to old age.

Question 6

A nurse intervenes when he or she observes a student nurse who is caring for a toddler

Accepted Answer

Offering a toddler unlimited choices, such as what time to go to bed, is inappropriate as it can lead to confusion and lack of structure. Toddlers need clear boundaries and limited choices to feel secure and understand expectations.

Question 7

A nurse recognizes that the ability to think at higher levels and develop a value system that differentiates right from wrong is called

Accepted Answer

Moral development refers to the ability to think at higher levels and develop a value system that differentiates right from wrong. This development occurs over time and is influenced by various factors such as family, culture, and personal experiences. As a nurse, it is important to understand and respect the moral development of patients, colleagues, and oneself.

Question 8

A nurse recognizes that the type of development that occurs throughout one's life in distinct stages, each stage requiring that specific tasks must be mastered, is called

Accepted Answer

Psychosocial development is a theory developed by Erik Erikson that identifies eight stages of development in which an individual must master specific tasks or crises to progress to the next stage. Each stage represents a specific period of life and requires a different focus of attention and skill development. It encompasses both psychological and social aspects of development. Moral development refers to the acquisition of values and principles that guide behavior, cognitive development refers to the growth in intellectual and mental abilities, and physical development refers to the changes in the body, size, and function.

Question 9

A nurse is caring for a patient who has been attending a local university to earn a law degree. The patient states, "I want to earn my degree so that I can fight for justice and human rights for people throughout the world." The nurse recognizes that the patient is in which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory?

Accepted Answer

The patient's statement reflects the highest stage of Kohlberg's theory, which is postconventional morality. This stage is characterized by an individual's pursuit of ethical principles that are universal and not dependent on society's laws or expectations. The patient's desire to fight for justice and human rights for people throughout the world reflects an adherence to ethical principles beyond what is required by society.

Question 10

A nurse is caring for a child who wants his parents to buy him a cat when he gets better. The parents refuse because they are both allergic to cat hair. The child states, "That's not fair. I want a cat." The nurse recognizes that the child is in which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory?

Accepted Answer

The child is in the preconventional morality stage of Kohlberg's theory, which is characterized by a focus on personal benefits and avoiding punishment. The child is not yet at the conventional morality stage, which involves considering the expectations of society and authority figures.

Question 11

The developmental psychologist who defined faith as a universal concern that is a process of developing trust and who developed six stages of spiritual development is

Accepted Answer

James Fowler defined faith as a universal concern that is a process of developing trust and he developed six stages of spiritual development.

Question 12

A nurse instructs a postpartum patient who wishes to breastfeed to gently touch the infant's cheek that is closest to her breast to cause the infant to turn toward the breast and open his or her mouth to find milk. The nurse explains to the patient this will elicit the

Accepted Answer

The action described in the scenario will cause the infant to exhibit the rooting reflex, in which the infant turns its head towards the direction of the tactile stimulus, with the goal of locating the nipple to suckle. The Moro reflex is an involuntary startle response seen in newborns, the sucking reflex is the instinctive ability to suck on a nipple, and the Babinski reflex is a reflexive movement of the toes seen when the sole of the foot is stroked.

Question 13

An adolescent volunteers to read to hospitalized children without being paid. The nurse recognizes that the adolescent is in which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An adolescent volunteers to read to hospitalized...

Question 14

A nurse recognizes that the term for the physical changes that occur in the size of human beings is

Accepted Answer

Growth refers to the physical changes in size, such as height and weight, that occur in human beings over time. Development, on the other hand, refers to the progression of physical, emotional, and intellectual skills and abilities. Spirituality and regression do not pertain to physical changes in size.

Question 15

The American psychologist who acknowledged that not all people reach all stages of moral development and who based his theory on preconventional morality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality is

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg is the American psychologist who acknowledged that not all people reach all stages of moral development and who based his theory on preconventional morality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality. Jean Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development, Erik Erikson for his theory of psychosocial development, and James Fowler for his theory of faith development.

Question 16

A nursing instructor supervises a student nurse who is administering an intramuscular analgesic medication to a school-age child. The nursing instructor intervenes when the student nurse tells the child:

Accepted Answer

Telling a child that an injection won't hurt is misleading and can damage trust between the healthcare provider and the patient. It's important to be honest about potential discomfort while also providing reassurance.

Question 17

A nurse recognizes that how an individual learns is called

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development refers to the process of how an individual learns, acquires knowledge, and problem-solves. It includes the ability to think, reason, remember, understand, and make decisions.

Question 18

When teaching a student nurse about performing an assessment on a neonate, a nurse strokes the sole of the infant's foot, which causes fanning of the toes while the great toe pulls upward. The nurse teaches the student nurse that this assessment finding is

Accepted Answer

This assessment finding is known as the Babinski reflex and is a normal finding in infants up to 2 years of age. It indicates proper neurological development and should disappear as the child grows older. Presence of the Babinski reflex in an older child or adult can indicate neurological damage or disease.

Question 19

The psychologist who theorized that cognitive development occurs from birth to adolescence in an orderly sequence of four stages is

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development in children, which involves four stages of development from birth to adolescence. Erik Erikson is known for his theory of psychosocial development, James Fowler for his theory of faith development, and Lawrence Kohlberg for his theory of moral development.

Question 20

When supervising a certified nursing assistant (CNA) caring for a toddler, a nurse intervenes when

Accepted Answer

Leaving a toddler alone in the bathtub is a safety hazard and could lead to drowning. The nurse should intervene and ensure that the CNA stays with the toddler during bath time. Feeding cheese to a toddler, removing small objects from the crib, and putting crib side rails up are all appropriate actions by the CNA.

Quiz 9: Growth and Development Throughout the Lifespan