Question 1

Which is the maximum angle at which soil,sediment,and rock will remain without moving downslope (e.g.a stable slope)?

Accepted Answer

The maximum angle at which soil, sediment, and rock will remain without moving downslope is called the angle of repose. This is the point where the material on the slope is in a state of equilibrium and will not move unless an external force is applied. The angle of repose varies depending on the type of material and its physical properties.

Question 2

The presence of talus slopes indicates that which occur?

Accepted Answer

Talus slopes are formed by the accumulation of rockfall debris at the base of a cliff or steep slope. Therefore, the presence of talus slopes indicates the occurrence of rockfall.

Question 3

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is correctly matched?
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Question 4

Which is the sudden rapid movement of an unsaturated cohesive mass of regolith or bedrock?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is the sudden rapid movement of...

Question 5

The photograph shows an example of which mass movement processes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  The photograph shows an example of...

Question 6

Which are a category of processes produced by human-induced mass movements?

Accepted Answer

Scarification refers to the alteration of the landscape due to human activities such as mining, construction, and other land-use changes, making it a category of processes produced by human-induced mass movements.

Question 7

Of which is this photograph an example?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Of which is this photograph an...

Question 8

One side of a sand dune is typically steeper than the other side.The steepest slope is controlled by the angle of repose for sand and most materials.Which is this angle of repose?

Accepted Answer

The angle of repose for sand is typically around 34°, making option C the correct choice. Options A (5°) and B (15°) are too shallow to create steep sand dune slopes, while option D (78°) is too steep for most materials to have a stable slope.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a karst depression?

Accepted Answer

Cockpits are a type of karst depression that is characterized by circular or elliptical depressions in the ground that are typically filled with water. Stalagmites, stalactites, and soda straws are all features found in caves, but they are not examples of karst depressions.

Question 10

Which does a translational slide involve?

Accepted Answer

A translational slide involves movement of surface material along a planar surface. Rotational movement of surface material is associated with a rotational slide, unconsolidated flow of material is associated with a debris flow, and mudflow refers specifically to a type of debris flow consisting of fine-grained material suspended in water.

Question 11

When do landslides occur?

Accepted Answer

Landslides occur when a certain threshold is reached, such as saturation of soil or slope instability caused by erosion or natural geological processes. Once this threshold is reached, gravity causes the material to slide downhill. The other choices are factors that can contribute to landslides, but they are not the direct cause.

Question 12

In polar and alpine regions,which slow downslope movement results from thawing and saturation of the upper layer of soil?

Accepted Answer

Solifluction is a slow downslope movement that occurs in polar and alpine regions due to the thawing and saturation of the upper layer of soil. It is characterized by the slow movement of a mass of saturated soil down a slope, which results in the formation of terraces or steps on the slope. Transitional slide, mudflow, and lahar are all different types of mass wasting that occur due to other factors, such as gravity, water, and volcanic eruptions.

Question 13

In 1973,part of the flat ground on which a subdivision was located became saturated and began to flow toward the Saint Lawrence River at speeds of up to 26 km · h-1.The ground that flowed consisted of silts and clays-not large,rocky regolith.What type of mass wasting event was this?

Accepted Answer

The flow of saturated silts and clays on flat ground is characteristic of an earthflow, which is a type of mass wasting event. Debris avalanches generally involve larger, rockier material, and lahars are associated with volcanic activity. Soil creep is a slow, gradual movement and would not result in high speeds such as those mentioned in the question.

Question 14

In the Andes Mountains of South America,entire towns of thousands of people have been buried suddenly when water and loose materials travelled downhill as a viscous fluid.Which is this type of catastrophic event?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Andes Mountains of South America,entire...

Question 15

Which is the downslope movement of a body of material made up of soil,sediment,or rock propelled by the force of gravity?

Accepted Answer

Mass movement is the downslope movement of a body of material made up of soil, sediment, or rock propelled by the force of gravity. This includes landslides, rock falls, and debris flows.

Option A (Lahar) is a specific type of mass movement, which involves the downslope flow of water-saturated volcanic ash and debris.

Option B (Downslope flow) is a general term that can refer to any type of fluid motion downhill, including water, mud, or lava. It does not necessarily involve gravity as the driving force.

Option D (Slide) is a specific type of mass movement characterized by a relatively thin, flat layer of material sliding downhill along a well-defined plane or surface.

Question 16

In the spring of 1903 in Frank,AB,about 82 million tonnes of rock and sediment moved down the east side of Turtle Mountain and surged up the other side of the valley.Of which mass movement is this an example?

Accepted Answer

This event is an example of a "slide," specifically a rockslide, where a large mass of rock and sediment rapidly moves down a slope. The Frank Slide is one of the most famous rockslides in Canadian history.

Question 17

Which is the mass movement process responsible for the curved growing pattern in the trees and the downslope leaning of the utility posts and fences?

Accepted Answer

Soil creep is the slowest form of mass movement where the material moves downhill gradually due to the force of gravity. This process causes the curved growing pattern in the trees and the downslope leaning of the utility posts and fences. Debris avalanche, landslide, and rockfall are faster and more dramatic forms of mass movement that would cause more severe and immediate damage.

Question 18

The angle of repose represents a balance between the driving force and resisting force.Which of the following is the driving force?

Accepted Answer

Gravity is the driving force that pulls the material downward, causing it to move and seek a stable balance. Friction, shear, and inertia are resisting forces that counteract the driving force and contribute to the angle of repose.

Question 19

Which is a slow persistent mass movement of surface soil?

Accepted Answer

Soil creep is the slowest and most common type of mass movement of surface soil. It occurs due to the gradual downhill movement of soil particles and can cause damage to roads, buildings, and other structures over a long period of time. Debris avalanche, soil slide, and rockfall are all more rapid and dramatic types of mass movement.

Question 20

Which is a mass of falling and tumbling rock,debris,and soil traveling at a high velocity owing to the presence of ice or water?

Accepted Answer

A debris avalanche is a mass of rock, debris, and soil that moves rapidly down a slope, often facilitated by the presence of ice or water, which increases its velocity.

Quiz 14: Weathering, karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Which is the maximum angle at which soil,sediment,and rock will remain without moving downslope (e.g.a stable slope) ?