Question 1

The __________ approach to measuring performance emphasizes cognitive abilities and personality.

Accepted Answer

The trait approach to measuring performance focuses on individual characteristics such as cognitive abilities and personality traits. It assesses an individual's natural aptitudes and predispositions to excel in certain areas of work or job functions.

Question 2

Under which of the following conditions would a behavior approach be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under which of the following conditions would...

Question 3

Declarative knowledge includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Declarative knowledge refers to knowledge of facts, concepts, principles, and rules. Therefore, option A - facts - is the correct answer, whereas options B, C, and D are not included in declarative knowledge.

Question 4

What are the five steps of deliberate practice that lead to excellence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the five steps of deliberate...

Question 5

____________________ is defined as those behaviors that contribute to the organization's effectiveness by providing a good environment in which task performance can occur.

Accepted Answer

Contextual performance refers to those behaviors that contribute to the organization's effectiveness by providing a good environment in which task performance can occur. These behaviors are essential for creating a positive work environment and ensuring that employees are able to perform their tasks efficiently and effectively. Examples of contextual performance behaviors include helping coworkers, being punctual, showing good citizenship, and demonstrating organizational commitment.

Question 6

The behavior approach emphasizes ______________ rather than _____________.

Accepted Answer

The behavior approach focuses on what employees do, rather than their inherent traits or results. It is based on the idea that behaviors can be learned and reinforced, and that by shaping the behaviors of employees, organizations can improve their performance.

Question 7

The technical definition of performance includes:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The technical definition of performance includes:
...

Question 8

The results approach emphasizes ______________ rather than _______________.

Accepted Answer

The results approach emphasizes outcomes or results achieved by employees, rather than their individual traits or behaviors. It focuses on measurable goals and accomplishments as indicators of success, rather than subjective personal qualities or behaviors.

Question 9

_________________ performance is fairly similar across jobs and is not likely to be role prescribed.

Accepted Answer

Contextual performance refers to activities that are not part of an employee's formal job requirements but help to enhance the organizational, social, and psychological environment. This type of performance tends to be similar across different jobs because it encompasses behaviors like helping others, volunteering for extra work, and following organizational rules and procedures, which are generally applicable in most work settings and not strictly defined by the role itself.

Question 10

Activities that transform raw materials into goods and services that are produced by an organization are called …

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

When poor results are due to causes beyond the performer's control,which approach to measuring performance is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

When poor results are due to causes beyond the performer's control, the behavior approach to measuring performance is most appropriate. This approach focuses on the actions and behaviors of the employee rather than just the outcomes, which might be influenced by external factors outside the employee's control.

Question 12

Procedural knowledge is:

Accepted Answer

Procedural knowledge refers to knowing what to do and how to do it. It involves knowing the steps, processes, and procedures required to complete a task or achieve a goal. Knowing what the boss wants done (A) and how well the job has to be done to "get by" (B) may be helpful information, but they do not necessarily relate to procedural knowledge. Knowing where all the required equipment are located (D) is more related to logistical knowledge or environmental knowledge, rather than procedural knowledge.

Question 13

When employees challenge the status quo in a positive way and make innovative suggestions for change,they are exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

Voice behavior refers to employees expressing their opinions, ideas, and suggestions for organizational improvement. By challenging the status quo in a positive and innovative manner, employees are exhibiting voice behavior. Option A, cultural differences, refers to the variations in beliefs, values, and behaviors among individuals from different cultural backgrounds. Option B, declarative knowledge, relates to employees' ability to recall factual information. Option C, psychomotor skills, refer to an individual's ability to perform physical tasks or activities.

Question 14

When results and behaviors are obviously related,which approach to measuring performance is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

The results approach is the most appropriate when there is a clear relationship between the results achieved and the behaviors exhibited. This approach focuses on outcomes and achievements, rather than specific behaviors or traits. It is often used in sales or production-oriented roles where specific goals are set and measured.

Question 15

Performance consists of both task and contextual dimensions.Please define each type of performance,and explain whether companies should focus on task performance,contextual performance,or a combination of both.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Contextual performance and task performance should:

Accepted Answer

Contextual performance refers to an employee's ability to contribute to the overall effectiveness of the organization by going beyond the formal job requirements, while task performance refers to an employee's ability to perform the duties and responsibilities of their job. These two types of performance should be considered separately in evaluating an employee's overall performance.

Question 17

Declarative knowledge is:

Accepted Answer

Declarative knowledge refers to information about facts and things, such as knowing the capital of a country or the steps of a process. It is not limited to information that can be tested or included in an employee handbook. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 18

Using your current work situation,or one of someone you know well,describe whether performance is measured using a trait,behavior,or results approach.Use the checklist below to identify whether or not your company should measure performance using the trait,behavior,or results method.
$\begin{array}{c}
\begin{array}{|l|}
\hline \text {Adopting a Traits Approach to Measuring Performance Is Most }\
\text {Appropriate When ...}\

\hline \quad\quad\text {The organization is undertaking a drastic structural change}\
\hline \text {Adopting a Behavior Approach to Measuring Performance Is Most}\
\text {Appropriate When ...}\
\quad\quad\text {Employees will take a long time to achieve the desired outcomes}\
\quad\quad\text { The link between behaviors and results is not obvious}\
\quad\quad\text {Outcomes are distant in the future}\
\quad\quad\text {Poor results are due to causes beyond the performer's control}\
\text {Adopting a Results Approach to Measuring Performance Is Most}\
\text {Appropriate When ...}\
\quad\quad\text {Workers are skilled in the needed behaviors}\
\quad\quad\text {Behaviors and results are obviously related}\
\quad\quad\text {Results show consistent improvement over time}\
\quad\quad\text {There are many ways to do the job right}\
 \hline
\end{array}
\end{array}$

Is this approach appropriate given your job responsibilities and the climate of the organization? Explain whether or not you think that the system could be improved using a different approach to measuring performance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using your current work situation,or one of...

Question 19

The traits approach emphasizes ______________ and ignores _______________.

Accepted Answer

The traits approach focuses on the characteristics of the individual (such as personality, skills, and abilities) and tends to overlook the impact of specific situations, behaviors, and results on performance.

Question 20

What is the expected outcome if any of the determinants of performance are lacking?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the expected outcome if any...

Quiz 4: Defining Performance and Choosing a Measurement Approach