Question 1

___________ are repetitive,often unconscious,patterns of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Habits are repetitive behaviors that are often unconscious and automatic. Goals are specific targets that a person aims to achieve, values refer to a person's beliefs and principles, and attitudes are a person's emotional and evaluative responses to objects, events, and people.

Question 2

__________ is the set of characteristics,skills and knowledge that distinguishes certain people from novices and less experienced people.

Accepted Answer

Expertise refers to a high level of knowledge, skills, and experience in a particular field or subject. It often takes years of practice and learning to develop expertise, and those who possess it are typically able to perform at a higher level than those who do not.

Question 3

_______ are outlooks or opinions that express values,serve as a means of evaluation,or demonstrate feelings in regard to ideas,people,events,situations,or relationships.They are expressions of likes and dislikes.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are the outlooks or opinions that reflect values, evaluations, and feelings towards various aspects like people, situations, and events. Attitudes are the expressions of likes and dislikes and play a crucial role in determining behavior and decision making. Resources refer to the materials, tools, or assets that help achieve a particular goal. Goal orientation refers to the attitude or outlook towards a particular objective, while preferences reflect personal choices or liking towards something.

Question 4

Goals have many attributes,which of the following is not a main characteristic or attribute?

Accepted Answer

Procrastination is not a characteristic or attribute of goals. It is a habit or behavior that hinders the achievement of goals. The other options, intensity, complexity, and priority, are all key attributes of goals.

Question 5

___________ is a process rather than an end-state,beginning with an unsatisfied need that creates tension or direction.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question identifies motivation as a process that begins with an unsatisfied need and leads to tension or direction. Expertise refers to a level of skill or knowledge in a particular area, resilience refers to the ability to recover from difficulties, and challenge refers to a task or goal that requires effort to be completed. Of the given options, only motivation fits the definition provided.

Question 6

______ play a fundamental role in forming children's values.

Accepted Answer

While all options can play a role, families, especially parents, play the most fundamental role in forming children's values. Parents are the primary caregivers and role models for children, shaping their beliefs and behaviors through their words and actions. Schools and communities can reinforce values, but they are not as instrumental as families in shaping them. Societies can also have an impact, but their influence may be more indirect and diffuse.

Question 7

Values can be classified in several ways according to the book,which one of these was not listed.

Accepted Answer

The classification of values as traditional and prophetic was not listed in the book. The other three classifications, absolute and relative, intrinsic and extrinsic, and instrumental and terminal, were mentioned as ways to classify values.

Question 8

___________ is a tendency or a disposition to expect the best outcome or to think hopefully about a situation.

Accepted Answer

Optimism refers to the tendency or disposition to expect the best outcome or to think hopefully about a situation. Negativism, on the other hand, is the tendency to have a negative attitude towards everything. Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit, while accommodation refers to the process of adapting to or making something suitable for a particular situation or purpose.

Question 9

Students can change the direction of the greater society through volunteering and other forms of involvement.They are also subject to the greater economy and environment.In the 1990s,college students,for the most part:

Accepted Answer

The 1990s were a time of economic prosperity and technological advancement, giving college students multiple job choices and opportunities. This era is often referred to as the "dot-com boom" or the "third industrial revolution," as the internet and digital technology transformed the economy and society. Therefore, Choice A is the best answer. Choices B and C refer to different decades or historical periods, and Choice D is not accurate as the 1990s were known for more liberal and progressive values among young people.

Question 10

_____________ are the glue that holds any business together,refers to a series of events or activities that take place in a specific time and space,also applies to families with shared commitment over time.

Accepted Answer

Value chains refer to the sequence of activities and processes involved in the production and distribution of a product or service, and is crucial in determining the success and competitiveness of a business. It involves various stakeholders such as suppliers, producers, distributors, and customers who work together towards a common goal. It is not specific to any particular group or organization, and can also apply to families or communities with shared goals and values.

Question 11

In the 20^th century,one of the icons of achievement was ___________ who flew the first plane over the Atlantic Ocean,nonstop,from the U.S.to Europe.

Accepted Answer

Charles Lindbergh is famously known for flying the first plane over the Atlantic Ocean, nonstop, from New York to Paris on May 20-21, 1927. James Fichon, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Eleanor B. Earhart were not famous for this achievement.

Question 12

Motivation can be divided into two types:

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation comes from within and is driven by personal satisfaction and enjoyment from the task itself, while extrinsic motivation comes from external factors such as rewards, recognition, or avoiding punishment. This is a widely recognized and accepted categorization of motivation in psychology and management literature. The other options listed do not align with widely recognized categorizations of motivation.

Question 13

A person's judgments are based on the value meanings derived from feelings,this is known as:

Accepted Answer

The affective domain refers to the emotional side of learning or judgments. It involves the formation of attitudes, beliefs, and values based on feeling and emotions. Therefore, a person's judgments based on value meanings derived from feelings would fall under the affective domain. The other options, such as cognitive domain and construct domain, focus more on mental processes and logical reasoning rather than emotions and feelings. The clarification construct is not a recognized educational domain.

Question 14

In a study of college yearbook photos,researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is based on psychological research indicating that genuine smiles, often referred to as Duchenne smiles (involving the muscles around the eyes and mouth), are associated with positive outcomes in life. Studies have shown that people who display genuine smiles in photographs, such as those in yearbooks, are more likely to experience positive social outcomes, including marital stability and personal well-being, compared to those with insincere or "fake" smiles.

Question 15

David McClelland,a Harvard psychologist,stressed that individuals vary in their need for ________________.

Accepted Answer

McClelland's theory emphasized the need for achievement (n Ach) as a major motivator of behavior, suggesting that people who have a high need for achievement are driven to succeed and demonstrate competence in challenging situations. This need for achievement can influence how individuals approach tasks, set goals, and handle feedback.

Quiz 3: Values,attitudes,goals,and Motivation