Question 1

Identifying with one's opposite-sex parent occurs in which psychosexual stage?

Accepted Answer

Identifying with one's opposite-sex parent is a part of the phallic stage of psychosexual development, which occurs between the ages of 3 and 6 years old. This stage is characterized by a focus on the genitals and sexual feelings. The Oedipus complex (for boys) and the Electra complex (for girls) are also associated with this stage, as children develop attraction to the opposite-sex parent and hostility toward the same-sex parent.

Question 2

Behaving in ways that are the opposite of what one would unconsciously like to do defines _______.

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation is a defense mechanism in which a person behaves in ways that are the opposite of what they would unconsciously like to do. This is done to avoid feelings of anxiety or guilt that arise from their true desires. Sublimation involves redirecting unacceptable impulses into more socially acceptable channels, displacement involves redirecting an unacceptable impulse from its original target to a safer or less threatening target, and projection involves attributing one's own unacceptable feelings or impulses to someone else.

Question 3

Freud developed his theory of personality on the basis of:

Accepted Answer

Freud developed his theory of personality based on his extensive case studies of his patients, particularly his work on psychoanalysis which involved the interpretation of patients' dreams, free associations, and transferences.

Question 4

Which of the following gives the stages of development outlined by Freud in the order in which they occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following gives the stages...

Question 5

Pleasure principle is to _______ as reality principle is to ____.

Accepted Answer

The pleasure principle refers to the instinctual drive to seek pleasure and avoid pain, which is associated with the id. The reality principle refers to the ability to delay gratification in order to meet the demands of the external world, which is associated with the ego. Therefore, the correct match for the pleasure principle is the id and the correct match for the reality principle is the ego.

Question 6

A college professor continually implies that his students are intellectually inferior.Which of the following defence mechanisms is this professor likely using?

Accepted Answer

Projection is a defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others. In this case, the professor may feel intellectually inferior himself and is projecting these feelings onto his students.

Question 7

What did Freud call the part of the personality that begins to develop at about age 5?

Accepted Answer

Freud called the part of the personality that begins to develop at about age 5 the superego. The superego is responsible for enforcing moral and ethical standards, and it develops in response to the child's identification with adult authority figures, such as parents and teachers.

Question 8

Which statement about the id is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The id is the most primitive and instinctual part of the psyche and is responsible for fulfilling basic bodily needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexuality. It operates according to the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of its needs without consideration of the consequences or the reality of the situation.

Question 9

Which component of personality mediates between the forces of desire and reality on a moral basis?

Accepted Answer

The superego mediates between the forces of desire and reality on a moral basis. It is responsible for regulating our behavior based on ethical and moral standards, often instilled during childhood through societal norms and family values. The superego serves as the conscience, punishing and rewarding the ego based on adherence to these morals and values.

Question 10

The part of personality,according to Freud,that seeks to avoid pain is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The part of personality,according to Freud,that seeks...

Question 11

What did Freud call the part of the personality that had to be socialized by parents?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Freud call the part of...

Question 12

What did Freud call the part of the personality that learns that we will be happier if we postpone gratification?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Freud call the part of...

Question 13

Which of the following is the most criticized and least empirically supported of Freud's ideas?

Accepted Answer

The Oedipus and Electra complexes are the most criticized and least empirically supported of Freud's ideas. They suggest that children have sexual desires for their opposite-sex parent and view their same-sex parent as a rival. However, there is little evidence to support these ideas and many critics argue that they are based on Freud's personal biases and not scientific evidence.

Question 14

The fundamental or most basic defence mechanism is _______.

Accepted Answer

Repression is the most basic defence mechanism because it is the unconscious process of pushing thoughts, feelings, and memories that are too painful or anxiety-provoking into the unconscious mind.

Question 15

The remembered and reported dream was referred to by Freud as:

Accepted Answer

The term used by Freud to refer to the remembered and reported dream is the manifest content. The manifest content is the actual content of the dream that the dreamer recalls upon waking up.

Question 16

"I didn't get the job even though I was the most qualified applicant because the company has to hire a minority worker." This probably illustrates which defence mechanism?

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the defence mechanism of rationalization, which involves coming up with a logical or socially acceptable explanation for a situation that is difficult to accept or understand. In this case, the individual is rationalizing the outcome of not getting the job by attributing it to a company policy of affirmative action or diversity hiring rather than accepting that they may not have been the best fit for the position.

Question 17

Anna is a morally rigorous person who demands that her daughter remain a virgin until she is married.Anna cannot remember her own premarital sexual encounters.Which defence mechanism would likely account for this memory lapse?

Accepted Answer

Repression is the defence mechanism that involves pushing memories or thoughts into the unconscious mind. In this case, Anna's inability to remember her own premarital sexual encounters may be a result of her unconscious desire to protect her moral beliefs and justify her strict expectations for her daughter's behavior. Thus, repression is the most likely mechanism that would explain Anna's memory lapse.

Question 18

Which structure of personality houses one's instincts,according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the id is the structure of personality that houses one's instincts and operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of needs and desires without regard for the consequences.

Question 19

According to Freud,an inadequate resolution of the Oedipus complex leads to:

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that an inadequate resolution of the Oedipus complex could lead to a personality that is reckless and self-assured due to unresolved conflicts and fixation at the phallic stage.

Question 20

If a person becomes a Catholic priest or nun because of latent homosexual desires,his/her occupational choice might represent which defence mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is a defense mechanism in which unacceptable impulses are transformed into socially acceptable behaviors. In this case, the person's latent homosexual desires are transformed into the socially acceptable behavior of becoming a Catholic priest or nun.

Quiz 14: Understanding Human Personality