Question 1

What type of parenting style is most likely to produce an effective parent-child bond?

Accepted Answer

The parenting style that makes demands on a child but also keeps channels of communication open (known as authoritative parenting) has been found to be the most effective in producing a strong parent-child bond. This style balances the need for structure and limits with warmth, responsiveness, and two-way communication, which fosters trust and mutual respect between parent and child.

Question 2

According to Harry Harlow,what is the basis for the attachment of infants to their mothers?

Accepted Answer

According to Harry Harlow's studies on rhesus monkeys, the basis for attachment of infants to their mothers is contact comfort. Harlow discovered that the infant monkeys preferred a soft, cloth-covered "mother" surrogate that provided them with the tactile and emotional comfort of physical contact, rather than a wire "mother" that provided them with food. This suggests that physical contact and comfort are critical factors in forming attachments between infants and their caregivers.

Question 3

What is one of the most widely-used research procedures for assessing infant attachment?

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation Test is one of the most widely-used research procedures for assessing infant attachment. It involves observing the reactions of infants to separations and reunions with their caregiver in a controlled laboratory setting. The test provides insight into the infant's attachment style, which can impact their social and emotional development in the long run.

Question 4

What did the research by Smetana and colleagues (2006)indicate about most adolescents?

Accepted Answer

The research by Smetana and colleagues (2006) indicated that most adolescents are able to use their parents as ready sources of practical and emotional support.

Question 5

Harry Harlow used artificial "mothers" in his studies of the attachment behaviour of monkeys.Which group best characterizes the artificial mothers?

Accepted Answer

The artificial "mothers" were wire and cloth constructions that were placed in the monkey cages.

Question 6

What does recent research on adolescence in Western society indicate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does recent research on adolescence in...

Question 7

In the Strange Situation Test,a 15-month-old child is upset and anxious when her mother leaves the room.When her mother returns,she cannot be comforted and shows anger,but also a desire for contact with her mother.How would this child most likely be categorized?

Accepted Answer

The child's behavior of being upset and anxious when the mother leaves the room and showing anger and a desire for contact when she returns is characteristic of an insecurely attached child. The fact that the child cannot be comforted and has an intense reaction to the mother's leaving suggests an ambivalent/resistant attachment style.

Question 8

A child has parents who require him to conform to appropriate rules of behaviour that they have established,but they are also willing to talk with him about his concerns.What type of parenting is being characterized?

Accepted Answer

The parenting style being characterized is authoritative as it involves having reasonable demands and expectations, while also being responsive and willing to listen to the child's concerns. It promotes independence, self-discipline, and socially responsible behavior.

Question 9

Tammy has finished her first year of college and is thinking about moving out of the family home.As the youngest child,however,she is concerned about how her parents are likely to react.What should Tammy expect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tammy has finished her first year of...

Question 10

Studies have been done to compare the intellectual and social development of children who stay at home versus those who attend day care.What did the results indicate about children in day care?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies have been done to compare the...

Question 11

The teacher of Jake's developmental psychology class has decided to show the class the procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth to study the attachment of infants.Due to the fact that no infants are available,Jake has been asked to play the part of a child and his friend will be the "mother." Jake is led into a room filled with toys.After Jake begins playing with the toys,what will happen next?

Accepted Answer

In the procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth, a stranger will enter the room while Jake is playing with the toys and Jake's mother will temporarily leave the room. The purpose of this is to observe Jake's reaction and behavior when his mother is not present and a stranger is present. This is a key component in assessing an infant's attachment style. Option A and B are not accurate descriptions of the Ainsworth procedure. Option D is not applicable as the toys breaking is not a part of the procedure.

Question 12

In Harry Harlow's research,how did the monkeys respond when scared by toys that made loud noises?

Accepted Answer

In Harry Harlow's research, the monkeys responded to scary toys that made loud noises by running to the cloth mother for protection, indicating that the attachment to the cloth mother was stronger than the attachment to the wire mother.

Question 13

A happily-married modern couple expects to be parents soon.According to recent research,what should this couple consider about the impact of parenthood on their relationship?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that parenthood may decrease overall satisfaction with the relationship and increase conflict, leading to a potential threat to the happiness of the marriage. While there may be moments of happiness, the overall impact can be negative. It is crucial for the couple to communicate and work together to manage stress and navigate new responsibilities.

Question 14

Alison Clarke-Stewart,an expert on daycare,has summarized the literature to provide a series of guidelines for quality day care.Which of the following is among her recommendations?

Accepted Answer

Caregivers being actively involved in children's activities is a key recommendation for quality daycare, as it promotes better developmental outcomes for children.

Question 15

What did a longitudinal study conclude about couples who divorce?

Accepted Answer

The longitudinal study concluded that both high-distress and low-distress couples were represented in the group who separated or divorced. This means that couples in both types of relationships can experience divorce, not just those in high-distress relationships.

Question 16

In the Strange Situation Test,how will a securely attached child typically appear when the parent leaves the room?

Accepted Answer

A securely attached child will typically show some distress when the parent leaves, indicating a healthy attachment and reliance on the caregiver for security.

Question 17

Which parenting style is characterized by parents who apply discipline with little concern for their child's autonomy?

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian parenting style is characterized by high demands and low warmth. These parents have strict rules and expectations that they expect their child to follow without question. They use punishment as a form of discipline and have little concern for their child's autonomy or opinions. This style can lead to children who are obedient but lack critical thinking skills and independence.

Question 18

In Harlow's research,the monkeys became attached to a "cloth mother".What deficits did these monkeys display in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The monkeys that became attached to the "cloth mother" in Harlow's research displayed deficits in forming normal sexual relationships in adulthood. They exhibited either overly aggressive or overly submissive sexual behavior, suggesting a lack of proper socialization and attachment in early life.

Question 19

Tasha's parents notice that she is very susceptible to her close friends' influence.These friends enjoy drinking beer and smoking marijuanA)According to the findings of a longitudinal study,how will Tasha most likely behave in one year's time?

Accepted Answer

The given information suggests that Tasha is susceptible to her friends' influence and her friends enjoy drinking beer and smoking marijuana. The peer influence can lead her towards substance abuse, and research has shown that susceptibility to peer influence is a risk factor for drug and alcohol problems in adolescents. Hence, it can be inferred that Tasha will most likely have problems with drugs and alcohol in one year's time.

Question 20

According to a recent study,how did children who spent their earliest days in orphanages differ from those who had been raised by their biological parents?

Accepted Answer

The study found that children who spent their earliest days in orphanages had an abnormal pattern of brain response. This is likely due to the lack of consistent and nurturing early caregiving experiences.

Quiz 11: A: Human Development Across the Life Span