Question 1

The control chart
A)focuses on the time dimension of a system.
B)can be used for categorical,discrete,or continuous variables.
C)captures the natural variability in the system.
D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT part of the Shewhart-Deming cycle?
A)Plan.
B)Act.
C)Do.
D)React.

Accepted Answer

The Shewhart-Deming cycle, also known as the PDCA cycle, consists of four steps: Plan, Do, Check (sometimes referred to as Study), and Act. There is no step called "React" in the PDCA cycle.

Question 3

Developing operational definitions for each critical-to-quality characteristic involves which part of the DMAIC process?
A)Define.
B)Measure.
C)Analyse.
D)Improve.
E)Control.

Accepted Answer

Developing operational definitions for each critical-to-quality characteristic is part of the Measure phase of the DMAIC process, which involves measuring the current performance of the process and defining how to gather data to determine the baseline performance.

Question 4

The control limits are based on the standard deviation of the process.

Accepted Answer

The control limits are based on the mean and the standard deviation of the process, which are used to calculate the upper and lower control limits.

Question 5

The Shewhart-Deming cycle plays an important role in which of the following Deming's 14 points for management?
A)Eliminate slogans,exhortation,and targets for the workforce.
B)Break down barriers between staff areas.
C)Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product and services.
D)Adopt the new philosophy.

Accepted Answer

The Shewhart-Deming cycle, also known as the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, is a tool for continuous improvement of processes and products. Creating constancy of purpose for improvement of product and services is one of Deming's 14 points for management. Therefore, the Shewhart-Deming cycle plays an important role in this point.

Question 6

Special or assignable causes of variation are signalled by individual fluctuations or patterns in the data.

Accepted Answer

Special or assignable causes of variation are not random, but rather specific and identifiable factors that cause fluctuations or patterns in the data. These can be detected by analyzing individual data points and looking for outliers or other unusual patterns.

Question 7

Changes in the system to reduce common cause variation are the responsibility of management.

Accepted Answer

Common cause variation is inherent in the system and can only be reduced through changes in the system by management. Therefore, it is the responsibility of management to make changes to reduce common cause variation.

Question 8

Common causes of variation are correctable without modifying the system.

Accepted Answer

Common causes of variation are inherent in the system and require changes to the system itself to be corrected, not just simple fixes or adjustments to existing processes.

Question 9

In Australia,control limits on a control chart are placed so that they are three standard deviations above and below a central line.

Accepted Answer

This is a commonly used practice in Australia and many other countries to define control limits on a control chart. The three standard deviation rule is based on statistical theory and provides a reasonable balance between detecting meaningful variation and avoiding false alarms.

Question 10

Maintaining the gains that have been made with a revised process in the long term by avoiding potential problems that can occur when a process is changed involves which part of the DMAIC process?
A)Define.
B)Measure.
C)Analyse.
D)Improve.
E)Control.

Accepted Answer

The Control phase of the DMAIC process is focused on ensuring that the improvements made during the Improve phase are sustained over the long term. This involves putting in place systems and procedures to monitor the process and address any issues that arise, as well as establishing a plan for ongoing training and development for employees to ensure that they are equipped to maintain the gains made.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of Deming's 14 points?
A)Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product or service.
B)Belief in mass inspection.
C)Drive out fear.
D)Adopt and institute leadership.

Accepted Answer

Deming emphasized the importance of statistical process control rather than reliance on mass inspection.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT part of the DMAIC process in Six Sigma management?
A)Do.
B)Analyse.
C)Control.
D)Define.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT part...

Question 13

Determining the root causes of why defects can occur along with the variables in the process that cause these defects to occur involves which part of the DMAIC process?
A)Define.
B)Measure.
C)Analyse.
D)Improve.
E)Control.

Accepted Answer

Analyse is the part of the DMAIC process that involves identifying the root causes of defects, as well as understanding the variables in the process that contribute to these defects. This is typically done using tools such as Ishikawa diagrams, statistical process control charts, and other analytical methods. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 14

Which of the following is a method for breaking a process into a series of steps in order to eliminate defects and produce near perfect results?
A)Deming's 14 points management.
B)Six Sigma management.
C)Shewhart-Deming cycle.
D)R chart and chart.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a method...

Question 15

The purpose of a control chart is to eliminate common cause variation.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of a control chart is to detect and monitor the common cause variation in a process, not to eliminate it. Elimination of common cause variation is typically achieved through process improvement efforts. Control charts help to identify when a process is stable and predictable, and when there is evidence of special cause variation that requires investigation and correction.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of Deming's 14 points?
A)Break down barriers between staff areas.
B)Drive out fear.
C)Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product or service.
D)Award business on the basis of price tag alone.

Accepted Answer

Deming's 14 points emphasize the importance of quality, continuous improvement, and teamwork. One of the points is to not award business based solely on price tag, as this can lead to subpar quality and cut corners in production.

Question 17

Instruction 18-1
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
 $\begin{array}{c}
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \
\hline1 & 26 \
\hline 2 & 27 \
\hline3 & 23 \
\hline 4 & 21 \
\hline5 & 26 \
\hline6 & 20 \
\hline 7& 35 \
\hline8 & 30 \
\hline 9 & 21 \
\hline10 & 25\
\hline
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l|l|}
\hline
\text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \
\hline 11 & 22 \
\hline 12 & 26 \
\hline 13 & 21 \
\hline 14 & 22 \
\hline 15 & 19 \
\hline 16 & 17 \
\hline 17 & 21 \
\hline 18 & 18 \
\hline 19 & 16 \
\hline 20 & 17\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{array}$ Note: Nonconf.= Nonconformances
-Referring to Instruction 18-1,based on the c chart,there appears to be a special cause of variation in the process.

Accepted Answer

The c chart is used to monitor the count of defects in a process. It plots the number of defects per subgroup or unit of measurement. The center line on the c chart is calculated based on the average count of defects in the process. The control limits on the c chart are calculated using the Poisson distribution and assume that the process is in a state of statistical control.

Looking at the data given, we can see that the number of nonconformances per day varies widely, ranging from 16 to 35. Additionally, there are several points that fall outside of the control limits on the chart. All of these factors indicate that there may be a special cause of variation in the process, meaning that there is something happening that is causing the process to be unstable or out of control. Therefore, the answer is A.

Question 18

Instruction 18-1
Below is the number of defective items from a production line over 20 consecutive morning shifts.
 $\begin{array}{c}
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \
\hline1 & 26 \
\hline 2 & 27 \
\hline3 & 23 \
\hline 4 & 21 \
\hline5 & 26 \
\hline6 & 20 \
\hline 7& 35 \
\hline8 & 30 \
\hline 9 & 21 \
\hline10 & 25\
\hline
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l|l|}
\hline
\text { Day } & \text { Nonconf. } \
\hline 11 & 22 \
\hline 12 & 26 \
\hline 13 & 21 \
\hline 14 & 22 \
\hline 15 & 19 \
\hline 16 & 17 \
\hline 17 & 21 \
\hline 18 & 18 \
\hline 19 & 16 \
\hline 20 & 17\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{array}$ Note: Nonconf.= Nonconformances
-Referring to Instruction 18-1,based on the c chart,it appears that the process is out of control.

Accepted Answer

The c chart tracks the count of nonconformances per unit of measurement, in this case per shift. The center line is the average nonconformances per shift and the control limits are set based on the variability of the data. If any points fall outside the control limits, it is an indication that the process is out of control. In this case, there are several points that fall outside the control limits, indicating that there is significant variability in the number of nonconformances per shift and the process is not stable. Therefore, the answer is A, true.

Question 19

Which famous statistician developed the 14 Points of Quality?
A)Chebyshev.
B)Taguchi.
C)Shewhart.
D)Deming.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which famous statistician developed the 14 Points...

Question 20

Common causes of variation represent variation due to the inherent variability in the system.

Accepted Answer

Common causes of variation are also known as natural or inherent causes of variation. These are the sources of variation that are present in the system due to its inherent nature and cannot be eliminated. Examples of common causes of variation include individual differences, machine variations, and material variations.

Quiz 18: Statistical Applications in Quality and Productivity Management

The control chart

Which of the following is NOT part of the Shewhart-Deming cycle?

Developing operational definitions for each critical-to-quality characteristic involves which part of the DMAIC process?

The control limits are based on the standard deviation of the process.

The Shewhart-Deming cycle plays an important role in which of the following Deming's 14 points for management?

Special or assignable causes of variation are signalled by individual fluctuations or patterns in the data.

Changes in the system to reduce common cause variation are the responsibility of management.

Common causes of variation are correctable without modifying the system.

In Australia,control limits on a control chart are placed so that they are three standard deviations above and below a central line.

Maintaining the gains that have been made with a revised process in the long term by avoiding potential problems that can occur when a process is changed involves which part of the DMAIC process?

Which of the following is NOT one of Deming's 14 points?

Which of the following is NOT part of the DMAIC process in Six Sigma management?

Determining the root causes of why defects can occur along with the variables in the process that cause these defects to occur involves which part of the DMAIC process?

Which of the following is a method for breaking a process into a series of steps in order to eliminate defects and produce near perfect results?

The purpose of a control chart is to eliminate common cause variation.

Which of the following is NOT one of Deming's 14 points?

Which famous statistician developed the 14 Points of Quality?

Common causes of variation represent variation due to the inherent variability in the system.