Question 1

Forgetting the store where you bought your blue sweater is analogous to ____________. Thinking that the red sweater is yours when you actually borrowed it from your sister is analogous to ____________.
A) source misattribution; absentmindedness
B) absentmindedness; source misattribution
C) the sleeper effect; cryptomnesia
D) cryptomnesia; the sleeper effect

Accepted Answer

Forgetting the store where you bought your blue sweater is an example of absentmindedness, while thinking that the red sweater is yours when you actually borrowed it from your sister is an example of source misattribution. Therefore, the correct answer is B, where absentmindedness comes first and source misattribution comes second.

Question 2

Anita started to talk at 9 months and was speaking fluently by the time she was a year old; she crawled at 13 months and was walking at 15 months. Xenia started to talk at 14 months and was speaking fluently just after her second birthday; she crawled at 10 months and was walking by her first birthday. One theory of childhood amnesia might predict that ____________ will have memories from an earlier age because of her ____________.
A) Anita; better linguistic capacity
B) Anita; cognitive precocity
C) Xenia; increased capacity to explore
D) Xenia; higher level of motor skill

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of childhood amnesia, children's ability to form and retrieve memories is closely tied to their language development. Anita had better linguistic capacity and thus may have had the ability to form memories earlier in life, which could give her an advantage in terms of remembering events from an earlier age.

Question 3

Most forms of amnesia are caused by damage to the ____________, but Korsakoff's syndrome is a form of amnesia caused by damage to the ____________.
A) amygdala; frontal lobes
B) frontal lobes; amygdala
C) thalamus; medial temporal lobes
D) medial temporal lobes; thalamus

Accepted Answer

Most forms of amnesia are caused by damage to the medial temporal lobes, which include the hippocampus and other structures important for memory consolidation. However, Korsakoff's syndrome is caused by damage to the thalamus, which is involved in transmitting information between brain regions and plays a role in memory formation. Specifically, the damage in Korsakoff's syndrome is often due to chronic alcohol abuse, which can lead to a thiamine deficiency that damages the thalamus and other brain regions.

Question 4

Sam has serious problems with alcohol. On a daily basis, he drinks heavily and eats very little. Sam has begun to experience major memory loss. Sam's amnesia is most likely caused by:
A) damage to the frontal lobes due to vitamin deficiency
B) damage to the thalamus due to excess glucose
C) damage to the frontal lobes due to excess glucose
D) damage to the thalamus due to vitamin deficiency

Accepted Answer

Sam's amnesia is most likely caused by damage to the thalamus due to vitamin deficiency, specifically a deficiency in thiamine (Vitamin B1), which is common in chronic alcoholics and can lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, characterized by memory loss.

Question 5

When people look at faces of people of their own race there is more activation of the ____________ than when they look at faces of people of other races.
A) frontal cortex
B) medial temporal cortex
C) parietal face area
D) fusiform face area

Accepted Answer

The fusiform face area (FFA) is a brain region specialized for facial recognition. Studies have shown that when people look at faces of their own race, there is more activation in the FFA compared to when they look at faces of people of other races. This phenomenon is called the own-race bias or the other-race effect.

Question 6

Though Thomas Sophonow from Winnipeg was imprisoned for murder, he was later found to be innocent. The testimony of witnesses was flawed because the witnesses:
A) had been shown flawed photos and a police lineup where Sophonow was much taller than the other men in the photo
B) had racial prejudices that they were unaware of
C) were inappropriately interviewed by the police
D) had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from witnessing the murder

Accepted Answer

The witnesses were shown flawed photos and a police lineup where Sophonow was much taller than the other men in the photo, leading them to falsely identify him as the perpetrator.

Question 7

Roel heard a spoof of the news on The Daily Show. The next week he describes the event in the spoof as having really happened. Roel's false belief that the news story was true is an example of:
A) absentmindedness
B) cryptomnesia
C) suggestibility
D) the sleeper effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of Roel heard a spoof of the news...

Question 8

Laden has a memory of being given a wonderful teddy bear. She believes that she is remembering her second birthday. You could tell that the earliest birthday she could be remembering is her ____________ because until that time her ____________ lobes were too immature.
A) third; frontal
B) third; temporal
C) fifth; frontal
D) fifth; temporal

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes are responsible for memory and planning. They are not fully developed until around age 3. So, the earliest birthday Laden could be remembering is her third birthday.

Question 9

Many people that have been convicted of crimes based upon eyewitness testimony are later found, through DNA evidence, not to be guilty. Which of the following is a common reason for why eyewitness testimony may lead to false convictions?
A) Eyewitness confidence is not a reliable indication of the accuracy of the story.
B) Eyewitnesses are usually not questioned seriously enough by the defense.
C) Eyewitnesses frequently lie to make their stories more dramatic.
D) Judges instruct juries to prioritize eyewitness testimony over other evidence.

Accepted Answer

Eyewitness confidence is not always a reliable indicator of the accuracy of the story because memory can be affected by a range of factors such as stress, anxiety, and leading questions. Therefore, eyewitness testimony can be inconsistent, inaccurate, and biased, leading to wrongful convictions.

Question 10

As you are telling a funny story, your boyfriend keeps interrupting you to say things like, "No, it was Sarah who said that, not LaToya." Either you or your boyfriend is experiencing:
A) absentmindedness
B) cryptomnesia
C) source misattribution
D) the sleeper effect

Accepted Answer

The interruption of naming the wrong person in the story indicates source misattribution, where the source of a memory is mistakenly attributed to the wrong person or source.

Question 11

A likely way in which suggestibility might cause new information to change an old memory is through:
A) retroactive interference
B) reconsolidation
C) elaborative rehearsal
D) proactive interference

Accepted Answer

Suggestibility can cause new information to change an old memory through the process of reconsolidation, which is the process by which memories are updated and modified upon recall. When new information is suggested during the recall of an old memory, it can be incorporated into the memory during the reconsolidation process and change the original memory.

Question 12

Jurors are listening to an eyewitness describe a murder. Research on eyewitness testimony suggests that the jurors will be:
A) good at judging the accuracy of the testimony
B) good at judging accuracy if the witness has detailed information
C) poor at judging accuracy if the witness lacks confidence
D) poor at judging the accuracy of the testimony in general

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jurors are listening to an eyewitness describe...

Question 13

The police have put an Asian Canadian suspect in a lineup of Asian Canadians. The identification is most likely to be accurate if the eyewitness is:
A) Caucasian
B) Asian Canadian
C) black
D) Hispanic

Accepted Answer

Eyewitness identification is more accurate when the person identifying the suspect shares the same race or ethnicity. Choosing an eyewitness who is of the same race as the suspect increases the chance of accurate identification. Therefore, the Asian Canadian eyewitness is the best choice in this lineup.

Question 14

Raul saw a car crash on the way to campus. Yosep participated in a psychology experiment in which he saw a film of a car crash. How accurate would you expect Raul and Yosep's memories to be, given the research on event memory?
A) Yosep's memory will be more accurate than Raul's memory.
B) Raul's memory will be more accurate than Yosep's memory.
C) Raul and Yosep will have equally accurate memories.
D) Yosep's memory will be more accurate but Raul's memory will be more vivid.

Accepted Answer

Raul's memory is likely to be more accurate because he witnessed the event firsthand, whereas Yosep's memory may be influenced by the artificial nature of the experiment and the lack of emotional involvement.

Question 15

If you are recalling an episode that never really happened you are experiencing:
A) confabulation
B) false recognition
C) absentmindedness
D) memory bias

Accepted Answer

Confabulation is the production of fabricated, distorted or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world. It can occur in individuals with brain damage, but can also occur in healthy individuals when they recall events that never actually happened.

Question 16

When a person incorrectly remembers the time, place, person, or circumstances involved in a memory, she is experiencing:
A) absentmindedness
B) cryptomnesia
C) source misattribution
D) the sleeper effect

Accepted Answer

Source misattribution is when a person remembers information but incorrectly attributes the source of that information. This can lead to confusion about the time, place, person, or circumstances involved in a memory. Absentmindedness refers to forgetting due to lack of attention, while cryptomnesia involves mistakenly believing that a thought or idea is original when it has actually been encountered before. The sleeper effect is when a message that is initially unconvincing becomes more persuasive over time.

Question 17

People listening to eyewitness testimony are likely to believe:
A) eyewitnesses who are experts
B) eyewitnesses who are confident of their accounts
C) eyewitnesses who give detailed accounts
D) most eyewitnesses

Accepted Answer

The answer of People listening to eyewitness testimony are likely...

Question 18

Your best friend's favourite hamster died while you and a new neighbour were there. The most vivid memory of the event will be ____________ because ____________.
A) yours; you have the best perspective
B) the neighbour's; she was totally unbiased
C) your friend's; she was emotionally involved
D) the neighbour's; she was getting new information

Accepted Answer

The most vivid memory of the event will be your friend's because she was emotionally involved with the hamster and will remember the event more strongly than anyone else present.

Question 19

Jaimie has a very vivid memory of her first birthday party. She remembers that she wore a frilly pink dress, had a cake shaped like a pony, and received a big white teddy bear as a gift. Jaimie's detailed memory is probably due to:
A) the uniqueness of the memory
B) the strong emotional content
C) stories her family told her
D) an abundance of retrieval cues

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jaimie has a very vivid memory of...

Question 20

Laken took a course in which her professor talked about Virginia Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse. The next semester, she writes a paper for another class on Virginia Woolf. In her paper, Laken uses ideas that her earlier professor had presented, while believing that she has developed these ideas herself. Laken's behaviour comes from:
A) absentmindedness
B) cryptomnesia
C) persistence
D) the sleeper effect

Accepted Answer

Cryptomnesia is the phenomenon where an individual believes that an original idea is their own, when in fact it was previously encountered and forgotten. In this scenario, Laken heard ideas from her earlier professor and unintentionally used them in her paper, believing she had come up with them herself.

Quiz 7: Attention and Memory

Forgetting the store where you bought your blue sweater is analogous to . Thinking that the red sweater is yours when you actually borrowed it from your sister is analogous to .

Most forms of amnesia are caused by damage to the , but Korsakoff's syndrome is a form of amnesia caused by damage to the .

Sam has serious problems with alcohol. On a daily basis, he drinks heavily and eats very little. Sam has begun to experience major memory loss. Sam's amnesia is most likely caused by:

When people look at faces of people of their own race there is more activation of the ____________ than when they look at faces of people of other races.

Though Thomas Sophonow from Winnipeg was imprisoned for murder, he was later found to be innocent. The testimony of witnesses was flawed because the witnesses:

Roel heard a spoof of the news on The Daily Show. The next week he describes the event in the spoof as having really happened. Roel's false belief that the news story was true is an example of:

Laden has a memory of being given a wonderful teddy bear. She believes that she is remembering her second birthday. You could tell that the earliest birthday she could be remembering is her because until that time her lobes were too immature.

Many people that have been convicted of crimes based upon eyewitness testimony are later found, through DNA evidence, not to be guilty. Which of the following is a common reason for why eyewitness testimony may lead to false convictions?

As you are telling a funny story, your boyfriend keeps interrupting you to say things like, "No, it was Sarah who said that, not LaToya." Either you or your boyfriend is experiencing:

A likely way in which suggestibility might cause new information to change an old memory is through:

Jurors are listening to an eyewitness describe a murder. Research on eyewitness testimony suggests that the jurors will be:

The police have put an Asian Canadian suspect in a lineup of Asian Canadians. The identification is most likely to be accurate if the eyewitness is:

Raul saw a car crash on the way to campus. Yosep participated in a psychology experiment in which he saw a film of a car crash. How accurate would you expect Raul and Yosep's memories to be, given the research on event memory?

If you are recalling an episode that never really happened you are experiencing:

When a person incorrectly remembers the time, place, person, or circumstances involved in a memory, she is experiencing:

People listening to eyewitness testimony are likely to believe:

Your best friend's favourite hamster died while you and a new neighbour were there. The most vivid memory of the event will be because .

Jaimie has a very vivid memory of her first birthday party. She remembers that she wore a frilly pink dress, had a cake shaped like a pony, and received a big white teddy bear as a gift. Jaimie's detailed memory is probably due to: