Question 1

You are a physician, and a patient presents himself with a series of complaints, which you suspect might indicate type I diabetes.What symptoms did the patient most likely present, and what test would you order to help confirm your diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

The patient's symptoms of thirst, lethargy, and frequent urination are classic signs of hyperglycemia, which is common in type I diabetes. Testing for glucose in the urine can help confirm the high levels of blood sugar that are characteristic of this condition.

Question 2

Somatostatin

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin inhibits the release of growth hormone in the anterior pituitary.

Note: None of the other choices are correct. Somatostatin also functions as a paracrine hormone, inhibits digestive activities of the gut, decreases the release of insulin, and decreases the release of glucagon.

Question 3

Refer to the figure showing the regulation of blood glucose levels.  The structure labeled 1 is _______ and the structure labeled 2 is _______.

Accepted Answer

The structure labeled 1 is insulin, a hormone secreted by beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels. The structure labeled 2 is an insulin receptor, found on the surface of target cells that respond to insulin, such as muscle and adipose tissue. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 4

Which hormone was discovered by Frederick Banting and Charles Best to reduce symptoms of type I diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin in 1921 as a hormone that helps reduce symptoms of type I diabetes by regulating glucose uptake by cells.

Question 5

Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin is known as the inhibitor hormone as it can suppress the release of both insulin and glucagon. It is secreted by the delta cells in the pancreas and can inhibit the release of various gastrointestinal hormones as well.

Question 6

Yao Ming, the Chinese-born basketball star, stands 7 feet, 6 inches tall.His unusual height was most likely a result of abnormalities associated with

Accepted Answer

Yao Ming's unusual height is most likely a result of abnormalities associated with somatostatin. Somatostatin is a hormone that inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary gland. If there were abnormalities associated with somatostatin, such as a deficiency, it could lead to excessive release of growth hormone, potentially resulting in abnormal growth and height, as seen in Yao Ming.

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates the liver to release glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is a hormone released by the alpha cells of the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels. It helps to increase blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release glucose through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Question 8

Which of the following is a steroidal hormone synthesized from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol. Insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine, and somatostatin are not synthesized from cholesterol. Insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones, norepinephrine is a catecholamine hormone, and somatostatin is a peptide hormone.

Question 9

Which hormone stimulates cells to use glucose as a metabolic fuel and to convert excess glucose into fat and glycogen storage?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is the hormone that stimulates cells to use glucose as a metabolic fuel, and it also promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat and glycogen storage. It is produced by beta cells in the pancreas and is released in response to high levels of blood glucose. Insulin helps to regulate blood sugar levels and plays a critical role in overall metabolic health.

Question 10

Which hormone is released in response to rapid rises of glucose and amino acids in the blood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which hormone is released in response to...

Question 11

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are

Accepted Answer

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are steroids, which are lipid-soluble and not water-soluble, protein, carbohydrate or tropic hormones. Examples of steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex include cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.

Question 12

Refer to the figure showing the regulation of blood glucose levels.  If a person has type II diabetes, she is likely to have

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing the regulation...

Question 13

Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH)?

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin is a hormone that inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. This hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus and acts on the pituitary gland to decrease the synthesis and release of GH. Insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine, and cortisol do not have a direct inhibitory effect on the release of growth hormone.

Question 14

Insufficient levels of which hormone result in too much glucose in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating glucose levels in the blood. When insulin levels are insufficient, glucose cannot enter cells to be used for energy and instead builds up in the bloodstream, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

Question 15

In the disease diabetes mellitus, a lack of insulin prevents

Accepted Answer

In diabetes mellitus, there is a lack of insulin which is responsible for allowing glucose uptake by cells. Without insulin, glucose remains in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels. Insulin is also necessary for the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscles, and for the inhibition of glucose production by the liver. However, insulin does not affect the excretion of glucose or the synthesis of glucose. Glucose breakdown is also possible in the absence of insulin, but it is not the primary issue in diabetes.

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for the conversion of glycogen into glucose when serum glucose levels fall?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is responsible for the conversion of glycogen into glucose when serum glucose levels fall. Insulin, on the other hand, promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen, and decreases blood glucose levels. Norepinephrine, cortisol and somatostatin are not directly involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism.

Question 17

Which hormone lowers blood phosphate levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels and decreasing blood phosphate levels.

Question 18

Which hormone is released within minutes in response to short-term stress and remains elevated for a longer period than epinephrine does?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is released within minutes in response to short-term stress and remains elevated for a longer period than epinephrine does. Insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine, and somatostatin are not primarily associated with the body's stress response.

Question 19

If you fast for a day, which hormone is most likely to be found at an increased level in your blood?

Accepted Answer

During fasting, the body releases glucagon to stimulate the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose for energy. This increase in glucagon leads to an increase in blood glucose levels to maintain energy supply to the body while fasting.

Question 20

Which of these substances regulates blood sugar by causing cells to increase their uptake of glucose from the blood?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is the hormone that regulates blood sugar by causing cells to increase their uptake of glucose from the blood.

Quiz 40: Animal Hormones