Question 1

The major benefit of ________ for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children is ________.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy for ADHD in children is known to provide longer-lasting improvements compared to medication alone, as it helps children develop skills and strategies to manage their symptoms over time.

Question 2

An intensive treatment for autism that is based on operant conditioning principles is:

Accepted Answer

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is an intensive treatment for autism that is based on operant conditioning principles. It uses positive reinforcement to teach new skills and behaviors and reduce unwanted behaviors. ABA is considered to be an evidence-based treatment for autism. Cognitive therapy, on the other hand, focuses on changing negative thought patterns and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Behavior therapy is a broad term that refers to various types of therapies that focus on changing behavior, including ABA. Therefore, the most accurate answer is B, applied behavior analysis.

Question 3

Tommy has a 20-year history of stealing,armed robbery,physical violence,and lying and cheating to get out of trouble.These behaviors started in grade school.Based on what is known about the origins and treatment of this kind of disorder,which of the following statements best represents a knowledgeable psychiatrist's opinion about Tommy's treatment options?

Accepted Answer

Early intervention is crucial in addressing antisocial behavior, and it is often more effective when started during childhood or adolescence.

Question 4

Applied behavioral analysis therapy has been used to treat:

Accepted Answer

Applied behavioral analysis therapy is a widely accepted and clinically proven treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder.

Question 5

The case of James,the child with autism spectrum disorder who was described in the text,reveals:

Accepted Answer

The case of James highlights the need for intensive and individualized treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder, which can be a labor-intensive process for both the child and the therapist. The text mentions that James underwent a total of 25 hours of therapy per week, including applied behavior analysis and speech therapy, which required a significant investment of time and resources from his family. This suggests that the preferred treatment for this disorder is not easy or simple, but rather requires a sustained effort over an extended period.

Question 6

If you are the parent of a child who has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and who is being treated with Ritalin or similar drugs,what side effects might you expect to see in your child?

Accepted Answer

The most common side effects of Ritalin and other ADHD medication include decreased appetite and slower growth rate. While some children may experience other side effects, such as irritability or insomnia, reduced appetite and slowed growth are the most commonly reported issues.

Question 7

The drug Ritalin is a ________ that leads to ________ in some children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Accepted Answer

Ritalin is a central nervous system stimulant that increases the levels of dopamine in the brain, which can lead to increased attention and focus in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 8

Jonas and Yitzhak both have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and have recently been given two different kinds of treatment.Jonas is taking Ritalin,and Yitzhak is being treated with behavioral therapy.In three years,the boys will be tested for symptoms of the disorder.What are the most likely outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapy often leads to slower initial improvement compared to medication like Ritalin, but it can result in more sustainable long-term benefits with fewer side effects.

Question 9

Tommy has a long history of stealing,armed robbery,physical violence,and lying and cheating to get out of trouble.Today,the general consensus among researchers and clinicians who deal with problems such as Tommy's is that:

Accepted Answer

Early intervention in childhood is often emphasized because it can prevent the development of more severe antisocial behaviors later in life, making it more effective than trying to treat the disorder in adulthood.

Question 10

Sam,a 10-year-old,has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which of the following outcomes would you expect to see as Sam gets older?

Accepted Answer

ADHD is a chronic disorder, and individuals with this disorder are likely to maintain it into young adulthood. While treatment can help manage symptoms, it does not necessarily lead to a complete cure or remission of the disorder. Long-term studies suggest that ADHD may persist into adulthood for around 60-80% of individuals who were diagnosed in childhood.

Question 11

Thomas,a 12-year-old,is showing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.For example,he does not pay attention in school and does not complete,or misplaces,homework.Other students regard his frequent disruptive behavior in the classroom as an annoyance.He has trouble playing sports or sticking with any activity that requires his attention for prolonged periods.The first-line treatment for Thomas would typically be ________; however,________ is also recommended because its effects tend to be more long lasting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thomas,a 12-year-old,is showing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.For...

Question 12

Based on the evidence provided in your textbook,which of the following outcomes is most likely in a group of 12-year-old boys taking Ritalin for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Accepted Answer

According to the evidence provided in the textbook, Ritalin can improve academic performance and social behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, it is most likely that many boys taking Ritalin will experience these positive outcomes. The other options are less likely based on the evidence provided.

Question 13

A counterintuitive aspect of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is that:

Accepted Answer

Although most people associate ADHD with hyperactivity and impulsive behavior, recent research suggests that the brains of individuals with ADHD are actually underactive in certain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for executive functioning and attention. This suggests that ADHD may be a disorder of deficient self-regulation rather than hyperactivity.

Question 14

When the drug Ritalin is given to children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,it:

Accepted Answer

Ritalin is known to slightly increase positive behaviors and dramatically reduce negative behaviors in children with ADHD.

Question 15

In summarizing what is known about the treatment of autism spectrum disorder,you should conclude that although not free of problems,________ have shown the most promise.

Accepted Answer

Although all of the treatment options listed have been used in the management of autism spectrum disorder, research has consistently shown that behavioral techniques have the most promising results. These techniques include applied behavior analysis, which focuses on shaping desired behaviors through positive reinforcement, and social skills training, which helps individuals with ASD learn appropriate social behaviors and interactions. While biological treatments and brain stimulation protocols are still being researched, psychotherapy interventions have shown limited effectiveness in treating core symptoms of ASD. Therefore, D) behavioral techniques are the best choice for this summary statement.

Question 16

Approximately what percentage of children and adolescents in the United States experience mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately what percentage of children and adolescents...

Question 17

One of the negative aspects of treating children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with drugs is that:

Accepted Answer

The effects of ADHD drugs, such as stimulants, may not be maintained over the long term, as they primarily manage symptoms rather than cure the disorder.

Question 18

Based on research presented in the text,which of the following young patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is likely to have the best treatment outcome after three years?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on research presented in the text,which...

Question 19

Children with ADHD respond best to this type of treatment in the short term.

Accepted Answer

While structured behavioral treatment and cognitive therapy can be helpful in some cases, numerous studies have shown that stimulant medication is the most effective short term treatment for children with ADHD. This medication helps to improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is important to note that long-term treatment plans may involve a combination of medication and therapy.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is central to the applied behavioral analysis approach to the treatment of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

The applied behavioral analysis approach to the treatment of autism spectrum disorder is based on operant conditioning principles, which emphasizes the use of positive reinforcement to increase desirable behaviors and negative reinforcement to decrease undesirable behaviors. This approach can be used by both professionals and parents, and may be employed for longer periods of time depending on the individual's needs. It can also be initiated at any age and in any setting.

Quiz 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

The major benefit of for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children is .