Question 1

The more social fears someone with social phobia has,the more likely he or she:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals with social phobia are more likely to develop comorbid depression, meaning they have both social phobia and depression. Higher levels of social fears may increase this risk. While avoiding alcohol or other drugs may be a good idea for someone with social phobia, it is not directly related to their social fears. Physical abuse may be a risk factor for many mental health conditions, but there is no evidence that it is specifically linked to social phobia. While individuals with high levels of social fears may benefit from treatment, there is no clear evidence to suggest that they are more likely to respond to treatment than someone with lower levels of social fears.

Question 2

Robin has had disruptive behavior problems since childhood,has shown signs of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),and could be characterized as having externalizing tendencies.According to your textbook,Robin is probably:

Accepted Answer

The textbook suggests that individuals with externalizing tendencies, ADHD, and disruptive behavior problems are more likely to be male. Therefore, the best choice is C, male. The information given does not provide any indication of Robin's nationality or likelihood of being in trouble with the law. The information given also does not exclude the possibility that Robin could be female, but the likelihood is lower compared to being male.

Question 3

From what you know about internalizing and externalizing disorders,you would expect anxiety disorders to be higher in ________ and drug problems to be higher in ________.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown higher rates of anxiety disorders in females and higher rates of drug problems in males.

Question 4

According to the diathesis-stress model,which of the following people is most likely to become depressed?

Accepted Answer

According to the diathesis-stress model, individuals with a vulnerable background (such as experiencing abuse as a child) are more susceptible to developing depression when exposed to stressful life events (such as losing a job). Therefore, Janice, who experienced abuse as a child and recently lost her job, is most likely to become depressed.

Question 5

If a particular disorder manifests similarly in different cultures around the world,one could confidently conclude that the disorder is rooted in:

Accepted Answer

If a disorder manifests similarly across different cultures, it suggests that the disorder has a biological basis that is not influenced by cultural or environmental factors. Patterns of family interaction or universally held beliefs may vary across cultures, and therefore cannot be the root cause of a consistent manifestation of a disorder. While environmental factors may play a role in the development of the disorder, the fact that it appears the same across cultures suggests a biological component.

Question 6

Psychologists who argue for the importance of biological factors in mental disorders use all of the following kinds of evidence to support this approach EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists who argue for the importance of...

Question 7

The central characteristic of anxiety disorders is:

Accepted Answer

The central characteristic of anxiety disorders is the feeling of excessive anxiety in the absence of any real threat. This is what differentiates anxiety disorders from normal anxiety in response to actual threats or stressors.

Question 8

Jonah and Elias are participants in a research study.One task involves reading an ambiguous story,which participants can interpret in a variety of ways.Jonah interprets the story as threatening.Elias,however,interprets the story as comical.Based on this information alone,what conclusion can you draw about Jonah and Elias?

Accepted Answer

Jonah's interpretation of the story as threatening suggests he may have higher levels of anxiety, while Elias's interpretation as comical suggests he may not experience the same level of anxiety.

Question 9

Psychologists have noted that some forms of mental disorders are more common among lower socioeconomic groups.Which model of mental illness is best able to account for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural model of mental illness emphasizes the impact of cultural and social factors on the development and expression of mental disorders. This model suggests that individuals from lower socioeconomic groups may be at increased risk for mental disorders due to poverty-related stressors, such as housing instability, financial strain, and limited access to healthcare. Additionally, cultural norms and values may contribute to the manifestation of certain mental disorders. Therefore, the sociocultural model is best able to account for the observed association between lower socioeconomic status and some forms of mental illness.

Question 10

Alan entered therapy because he was becoming very depressed.Alan's psychotherapist suggested that Alan write down his thoughts each day and analyze these thoughts for irrational assumptions and unrealistic expectations that might contribute to his depressed mood.The goal was to identify distorted thoughts that were contributing to maladaptive emotions.This psychotherapist is using a ________ perspective to help Alan.

Accepted Answer

The psychotherapist's suggestion for Alan to write down and analyze his thoughts for irrational assumptions and unrealistic expectations is a cognitive-behavioral technique. This approach focuses on identifying and changing negative or distorted thoughts that contribute to negative emotions and behaviors.

Question 11

Which of the following two anxiety disorders are most similar?

Accepted Answer

Social anxiety disorder and specific phobia are most similar as they both involve excessive and irrational fear and anxiety in response to specific situations or objects. In social anxiety disorder, the fear and anxiety are triggered by social situations, while in specific phobia, they are triggered by specific objects or situations (such as heights, animals, or flying). Both disorders can lead to avoidance behaviors and significant impairment in daily functioning.

Question 12

If you experience intense,uncontrollable fear when you encounter or think about a specific object,you would probably be diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Phobic disorder, also known as specific phobia, is characterized by an intense and persistent fear of a specific object or situation that is unreasonable or disproportionate to the actual danger posed. The fear is so intense that it leads to avoidance or distress when in contact with the object or situation. Panic disorder involves unexpected and recurrent panic attacks, social anxiety disorder involves fear of social situations, and agoraphobia involves fear of certain places or situations where escape may be difficult.

Question 13

Dr.Jahoda sees his patients' problems as a result of distorted beliefs based on prior learning experiences.Dr.Jahoda is most clearly a:

Accepted Answer

Dr. Jahoda focuses on distorted beliefs, which align with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the role of thinking and beliefs in shaping behavior and emotions. Dr. Jahoda's approach is therefore best described as cognitive-behavioralist.

Question 14

A central assumption of the cognitive-behavioral model of mental disorders is that:

Accepted Answer

The cognitive-behavioral model of mental disorders assumes that abnormal behavior is learned, and often relates to maladaptive thinking patterns and behaviors. It emphasizes the importance of identifying and modifying these patterns through structured interventions, such as cognitive restructuring and exposure therapy. The model does not focus on cultural mediation or conflicts between the unconscious and conscious mind as primary causes of mental illness. While family context may be important in some cases, the cognitive-behavioral model does not prioritize it over other factors.

Question 15

The current view is that a mental disorder is caused by:

Accepted Answer

The current view in the field of psychology is that mental disorders are caused by a combination of biological factors (such as genetics and brain chemistry) and environmental factors (such as trauma or chronic stress). While unconscious conflicts and parent/peer modeling can contribute to the development of certain disorders, they are not seen as the sole or primary cause. Lack of spiritual fulfillment is not generally considered a factor in the development of mental disorders in mainstream psychology.

Question 16

Which of the following disorders is probably LEAST disruptive to daily life?

Accepted Answer

Specific phobia, while still a form of anxiety disorder, is typically easier to manage and control than panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. It may still cause significant distress, but it is less likely to disrupt daily life.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the development of anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is NOT...

Question 18

Which of the following two anxiety disorders resemble each other LEAST?

Accepted Answer

Generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive worry about a variety of everyday life events, while specific phobia involves intense fear or anxiety about a particular object or situation. These two disorders are quite different from each other and do not resemble each other.

Question 19

In the current understanding of psychological disorders,________ is thought to be a normal response to stress but is problematic when it is ________.

Accepted Answer

Anxiety is a normal response to stress, but it becomes problematic when it is experienced excessively in the absence of a true threat. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it fits the description provided in the question. Option A is incorrect because depression is not considered a normal response to stress. Option B is incorrect because social anxiety can be problematic regardless of who it is experienced with. Option D is incorrect because panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks, not simply experiencing panic more than once a week.

Question 20

Biological factors play a role in mental disorders.Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence provided in your textbook to support this idea?

Accepted Answer

Fraternal twins having a higher likelihood of sharing mental disorders compared to unrelated strangers is not a strong biological evidence, as it could also be influenced by shared environmental factors.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders