Question 1

When considering guidelines for teaching about safer sex, how would the nurse rank the risk for HIV transmission from highest to lowest? Click and drag the options below to move them up or down.
A) Heterosexual intercourse between partners using latex condoms
B) Abstinence
C) Monogamous sex between partners who are both EIA and Western Blot negative
D) Anal intercourse between partners using latex condoms

Accepted Answer

The answer of When considering guidelines for teaching about safer...

Question 2

A patient who is HIV positive comes to the clinic for a routine assessment. Which statement by the patient would the nurse evaluate as indicating a potential lack of adherence to the medication schedule?. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient who is HIV positive comes...

Question 3

A patient diagnosed with HIV/AIDS has developed pneumonia and is bedbound. Which nursing interventions should be planned?. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Maintaining fluid intake of 3 liters daily unless contraindicated will help maintain hydration and prevent further complications. Elevating the head of the patient's bed at least 30 degrees will help with breathing and prevent further respiratory complications. Turning the patient every 2 hours will prevent pressure ulcers or bedsores from developing. Providing for periods of uninterrupted rest will help with the patient's recovery. Suctioning the oral cavity may be necessary, but tracheal suctioning should be avoided if possible as it can introduce further infection. Therefore, option B is not the best choice.

Question 4

A patient had no skin reaction to a purified protein derivative (PPD) screen. When discussing this result, the patient tells the nurse that she is HIV positive. What information should the nurse provide?. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A PPD screen may result in a false negative for individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV. Therefore, it is important to inform the patient that their skin test may not be valid. The nurse should also recommend that the patient undergo a chest X-ray and additional laboratory tests to rule out TB. Repeat testing in two weeks is not necessary in this situation. It is also appropriate to reassure the patient that their negative result indicates they have not contracted TB.

Question 5

A patient presents to the emergency department after sustaining a minor laceration. The patient tells the staff that he may be HIV positive, "but I don't know for certain." Which information should the nurse provide?. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The nurse can inform the patient that testing can be done at the facility (B), there are rapid tests available that provide quick results (C), and if the initial test is positive, further confirmatory testing will be needed (D).

Question 6

A patient with HIV/AIDS is assigned the nursing diagnosis Impaired Oral Mucous Membranes. Which nursing interventions are indicated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient with HIV/AIDS is assigned the...

Question 7

A patient who tested positive for HIV is started on antiretroviral medication. Which outcome would the nurse evaluate as indicating that the goals of this therapy are being met?. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to suppress HIV replication, thereby reducing the viral load and preventing disease progression. A decrease in HIV RNA level (option A) suggests that the antiretroviral therapy is effective. Additionally, the absence of opportunistic infections (option C) indicates that the patient's immune system is not severely compromised. CD4 + T-cell count (option B) is also an important parameter, but a single isolated value is not sufficient to evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. Viral load does not indicate that the disease is cured (option D), and weight loss (option E) is not a specific outcome of antiretroviral therapy.

Question 8

An HIV-positive patient is not adhering to the prescribed medication therapy. Which action by the nurse would be most effective at improving patient compliance and the long-term treatment of the disease process?

Accepted Answer

Talking with the patient about not adhering to the medication schedule allows the nurse to better understand why the patient may be struggling with adherence and to work together to find solutions. Confronting or warning the patient may cause further resistance or fear. Reminding the patient about the consequences of noncompliance may also create fear and be counterproductive.

Question 9

The nurse is preparing to instruct a class of young adults about ways to perform safe sex. What should be included in the nurse's presentation?. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

B- Getting tested for HIV and repeating the test after six months is important to ensure that both partners are free from the virus, especially if they are entering a new monogamous relationship. 
D- Using a condom along with oral contraceptives provides dual protection against sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy. 
A- Spermicidal agents may increase the risk of genital irritation and increase the risk of transmission of some STIs, so this should not be included in the presentation. 
C- Avoiding sexual activity until both partners are HIV negative for two tests may not be practical, especially if the couple is already in a sexual relationship. 
E- Water-based lubricants are recommended as they are less irritating and less likely to cause the condom to break, so this should not be included in the presentation.

Question 10

A patient has given permission for an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test for HIV. Which information should the nurse provide?. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient has given permission for an...

Question 11

A patient diagnosed with HIV/AIDS weighed 180 pounds when diagnosed. The patient has had intermittent fever, diarrhea, and anorexia for the last 30 days. The nurse would be concerned that HIV wasting is occurring if the patient has lost more than _______ pounds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient diagnosed with HIV/AIDS weighed 180...

Question 12

A home health nurse is preparing to visit a patient who is bedbound after complications from HIV/AIDS. A review of the medical record reveals a new prescription for thalidomide. What conclusion can the nurse draw from this information?

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide is commonly prescribed for complications related to HIV/AIDS, such as severe wasting syndrome. It is not typically used for candidiasis or pneumonia, and it is unlikely that it would be prescribed as a substitute for antiretroviral medications. Therefore, the nurse can conclude that the patient may be experiencing severe wasting syndrome.

Question 13

A patient with HIV/AIDS has had diarrhea for 7 days. The nurse would evaluate that dietary teaching regarding diarrhea has been effective when the patient selects which foods for breakfast?. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Both sliced bananas and cream of rice cereal as well as applesauce and dry toast are easily digestible and can help firm up stools. Coffee with cream and baked goods with cream cheese may exacerbate diarrhea, while eggs scrambled with cheese and ham could be too heavy and difficult to digest for someone experiencing diarrhea.

Question 14

A patient who is HIV positive comes to the clinic with concerns about a new skin lesion. Which assessment findings would the nurse evaluate as indicating possible Kaposi's sarcoma?. Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer