Question 1

In this pictorial depth cue,objects below the horizon that appear higher in the visual field are perceived as being farther away,and objects above the horizon that appear lower in the visual field are perceived as being farther away.

Accepted Answer

The position relative to the horizon is the only cue that involves objects' positions appearing higher or lower in the visual field based on their distance from the viewer. Occlusion and relative size involve overlapping of objects and size comparison, respectively, while familiar size is based on prior knowledge of an object's expected size.

Question 2

When an artist creates the illusion of depth in a painting,she does so by using:

Accepted Answer

Monocular depth cues rely on information that is available to one eye alone, such as relative size, overlap, linear perspective, and texture gradient. It is the most commonly used technique for creating an illusion of depth in a painting. Stereoscopic vision, binocular depth cues, and retinal disparity, on the other hand, require both eyes to work together to create a sense of depth and are not typically used in painting.

Question 3

Leonardo da Vinci identified many monocular (pictorial)depth cues,including ________,in which a near object blocks an object that is farther away.

Accepted Answer

The depth cue described in the question ("an object that is farther away") is occlusion, in which a nearer object obscures part of a farther object. The other options listed are also monocular depth cues identified by Leonardo da Vinci, but they do not match the description given in the question.

Question 4

Li-Ting is painting a picture.She paints a vase of flowers and then,right next to it,half of a book.When Bijal looks at the painting,she sees the book as being ________ because of ________.

Accepted Answer

Bijal sees the book as being behind the vase because of occlusion.

Question 5

If the muscles of one eye are paralyzed,making it impossible to change the point of focus of that eye,which kind of depth cue will become unavailable?

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity is a depth cue that requires both eyes to work together in order to perceive depth accurately. If the muscles of one eye are paralyzed, it becomes impossible to change the point of focus of that eye, which means that binocular disparity becomes unavailable. This can lead to difficulties with depth perception and may cause objects to appear flat or two-dimensional. Linear perspective, occlusion, and motion parallax are depth cues that can be perceived with one functioning eye.

Question 6

Each eye sees more of the world on its own side of the visual field.A combination of the views from the two eyes provides humans with an adaptive advantage by creating a broader panorama of the scene.It also creates the depth cue of:

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity is the depth cue created when the brain combines the slightly different perspectives from each eye. This cue relies on the fact that each eye sees a slightly different view of the world due to their different positions in the skull. By comparing the differences between the two views, the brain can infer the depth and distance of objects in the visual field. Linear perspective, motion parallax, and occlusion are other depth cues but they are not specifically created by the combination of the views from the two eyes.

Question 7

If you close one eye,you will still be able to use ________ as a depth cue,but you will not be able to use ________ as a depth cue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you close one eye,you will still...

Question 8

As part of an experiment,Amanda is seated in front of a blank computer screen.On each trial,a line appears on the screen and then an object appears above the line.The task is to name the object as rapidly as possible.The object is either presented alone or within a scene.For example,a chicken may be presented alone or in a barnyard.People are significantly faster at naming the object when it is presented in the scene.This result is evidence for:

Accepted Answer

The result suggests that prior knowledge (top-down processing) influences the speed of object recognition when presented in a scene. This is because scene context can activate relevant object representations and expectations, facilitating object recognition.

Question 9

When the moon is high in the sky it will appear ________ when it is close to the horizon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the moon is high in the...

Question 10

As Pippa threads a needle,her eyes rotate inward.She knows the needle is close enough to perform the task by virtue of the depth cue termed:

Accepted Answer

Convergence is the depth cue that is responsible for the inward rotation of the eyes when focusing on a nearby object. In this scenario, Pippa is using convergence to judge the distance between the needle and the thread. Binocular disparity, occlusion, and parallax are other depth cues, but they do not apply to this particular action of threading a needle.

Question 11

The major problem to be explained in depth perception is that:

Accepted Answer

The retina input is two-dimensional, which means that our eyes only receive information about the horizontal and vertical positions of objects in our visual field. This presents a problem for depth perception because it requires information about the relative distance between objects in three-dimensional space. However, our visual system is able to overcome this limitation by using various depth cues, such as binocular disparity and monocular cues (e.g. texture gradient, relative size, and linear perspective) to create a perception of depth.

Question 12

Daniel is standing on the outside platform of the train station.He is looking down the tracks hoping to see his train.As the tracks get farther from him the two sides of the tracks will appear to ________ ,providing the depth cue of ________.

Accepted Answer

As the tracks get farther from Daniel, they will appear to converge at a point in the distance, providing the depth cue of linear perspective. This is a common optical illusion known as "railroad perspective."

Question 13

In this condition,people are unable to distinguish one face from another,but they can recognize other objects.

Accepted Answer

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a condition where individuals have difficulty recognizing faces, even those of familiar people. They may be able to recognize other objects, but have difficulty with facial recognition. The fusiform gyrus is a region of the brain that is often associated with facial recognition. Monocular disparity and binocular disparity are related to depth perception and have no direct association with face recognition.

Question 14

Scotty makes dinner by looking at his ingredients and then combining them into a meal.Nora makes dinner by deciding on the meal and then selecting the ingredients.Scotty is cooking in a ________ manner,and Nora is cooking in a ________ manner.

Accepted Answer

Scotty is starting with the raw ingredients and building up to create a meal, which is a bottom-up approach. Nora is starting with the idea of a meal and selecting ingredients to fit that plan, which is a top-down approach. Therefore, the best choice is A) bottom-up; top-down.

Question 15

Which of the following terms is most nearly synonymous with the term disparity?

Accepted Answer

Disparity refers to a lack of equality or similarity between things, which can be described as a difference. Option B) distance refers to the physical space between things and is not synonymously related to disparity. Option C) constancy refers to the quality of remaining unchanged or steady, and is opposite in meaning to disparity. Option D) sensitivity refers to the ability to detect or react to slight changes, and is not synonymously related to disparity.

Question 16

When you are on a small bluff,the ocean sand looks smooth and uniform,but when you sit down on the sand you can see all the bumps and colors.This difference is an example of which depth cue?

Accepted Answer

Texture gradient refers to the apparent change in texture of an object as a function of distance. When viewing from a distance, the ocean sand appears smooth and uniform, but as you get closer and sit down on the sand, you can see all the bumps and colors, revealing the texture gradient.

Question 17

A region of this area in the right hemisphere of the brain appears to be specialized for perceiving faces.

Accepted Answer

The region specialized for perceiving faces in the brain is the fusiform gyrus, which is located in the right hemisphere of the brain. Prosopagnosia is a condition where individuals have difficulty recognizing faces, which may be due to damage or dysfunction in the fusiform gyrus. The amygdala is involved in processing emotional information, including facial expressions, but it is not specialized for perceiving faces. The visual cortex is involved in processing visual information, including facial features, but it is not specific to perceiving faces.

Question 18

Ayelet is trying to draw a picture of two people on opposite sides of a river.No matter how carefully she tries to draw the two people the same size,the person who is supposed to be on the distant side seems to be much taller than the person who is supposed to be on the closer side.You could explain that the depth cue of ________ means that she will need to draw ________ of the person who is to be seen as farther away.

Accepted Answer

The depth cue of relative size means that objects that are farther away will appear smaller than objects that are closer. Therefore, in order to create the illusion of the person on the distant side of the river appearing smaller, Ayelet will need to draw a smaller image of that person.

Question 19

Aditi is looking out the passenger-side window of a moving car.She is staring intently at a scarecrow in the middle of a large cornfield.The rows of corn between Aditi and the scarecrow seem to be moving in the ________.The rows of corn beyond the scarecrow seem to be moving in the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aditi is looking out the passenger-side window...

Question 20

According to this information processing model,pattern recognition occurs because the data at higher levels of mental processing influence the lower levels in the processing hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

Pattern recognition involves higher-level cognitive processes that influence lower levels of processing. This is known as top-down processing, as information from higher levels influences processing at lower levels. Therefore, choice D, top-down processing, is the best answer.

Quiz 5: Sensation and Perception

In this pictorial depth cue,objects below the horizon that appear higher in the visual field are perceived as being farther away,and objects above the horizon that appear lower in the visual field are perceived as being farther away.

When an artist creates the illusion of depth in a painting,she does so by using:

Leonardo da Vinci identified many monocular (pictorial) depth cues,including ________,in which a near object blocks an object that is farther away.

Li-Ting is painting a picture.She paints a vase of flowers and then,right next to it,half of a book.When Bijal looks at the painting,she sees the book as being because of .

If the muscles of one eye are paralyzed,making it impossible to change the point of focus of that eye,which kind of depth cue will become unavailable?

Each eye sees more of the world on its own side of the visual field.A combination of the views from the two eyes provides humans with an adaptive advantage by creating a broader panorama of the scene.It also creates the depth cue of:

If you close one eye,you will still be able to use as a depth cue,but you will not be able to use as a depth cue.

When the moon is high in the sky it will appear ________ when it is close to the horizon.

As Pippa threads a needle,her eyes rotate inward.She knows the needle is close enough to perform the task by virtue of the depth cue termed:

The major problem to be explained in depth perception is that:

Daniel is standing on the outside platform of the train station.He is looking down the tracks hoping to see his train.As the tracks get farther from him the two sides of the tracks will appear to ,providing the depth cue of .

In this condition,people are unable to distinguish one face from another,but they can recognize other objects.

Scotty makes dinner by looking at his ingredients and then combining them into a meal.Nora makes dinner by deciding on the meal and then selecting the ingredients.Scotty is cooking in a manner,and Nora is cooking in a manner.

Which of the following terms is most nearly synonymous with the term disparity?

When you are on a small bluff,the ocean sand looks smooth and uniform,but when you sit down on the sand you can see all the bumps and colors.This difference is an example of which depth cue?

A region of this area in the right hemisphere of the brain appears to be specialized for perceiving faces.

Aditi is looking out the passenger-side window of a moving car.She is staring intently at a scarecrow in the middle of a large cornfield.The rows of corn between Aditi and the scarecrow seem to be moving in the .The rows of corn beyond the scarecrow seem to be moving in the .

According to this information processing model,pattern recognition occurs because the data at higher levels of mental processing influence the lower levels in the processing hierarchy.