Question 1

Experts who defend intelligence tests against the charge of being culturally biased and discriminatory would be most likely to highlight the ________ of intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experts who defend intelligence tests against the...

Question 2

Tahir teaches ninth-grade science classes in a high school located in an economically deprived area of a large city.He stresses to his students that the brain is like a muscle;it grows stronger with use as neuron connections grow.He praises effort rather than ability.Tahir is trying to help his students through fostering:

Accepted Answer

Tahir is fostering a growth mind-set by emphasizing that the brain can grow stronger with effort and by praising effort rather than ability. This helps students to believe in their ability to improve and develop their skills rather than feeling limited by their innate ability.

Question 3

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience the stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

Malik is the only African-American taking the SAT with white students, which puts him at risk for stereotype threat. Stereotype threat is the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group, which can lead to decreased performance on tasks. In this case, the negative stereotype is that African-Americans are not as intelligent as white students, which can create anxiety and lower performance on the SAT. The other options do not provide the same level of potential for stereotype threat.

Question 4

Interventions that promote intelligence teach early teens that the brain is like a muscle that strengthens with use.This idea is designed to encourage teens to view intelligence as:

Accepted Answer

The idea that the brain can strengthen with use suggests that intelligence is changeable over time, meaning it can be improved with effort and practice. This contradicts the idea that intelligence is fixed over time or solely determined by polygenetics.

Question 5

Males' mental ability scores show greater ________ than females' mental ability scores.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that males' mental ability scores exhibit greater variability than females'. While the average scores for males and females may not differ significantly, the range of scores is wider for males, with more males at both the high and low ends of the distribution. This greater variability may partly explain why there are more males in highly gifted and highly impaired populations.

Question 6

Performance-impairing anxiety is most closely associated with:

Accepted Answer

Performance-impairing anxiety refers to anxiety that negatively affects an individual's performance, often in situations that are perceived as high-pressure or evaluative. Stereotype threat is a specific type of performance-impairing anxiety that arises from the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group. This has been well-documented in research, particularly in the context of academic testing situations where individuals from certain groups (e.g. women, racial/ethnic minorities) may feel pressure to perform well to counteract negative stereotypes about their abilities.

Question 7

On average,the intelligence test scores of the Dingbats are much higher than those of the Dodos.The difference in the average test scores of the two groups might be a product of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of On average,the intelligence test scores of the...

Question 8

Girls are ________ likely than boys to recall correctly where they placed their eyeglasses,and they are _________ likely than boys to detect whether their father or mother is feeling stressed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Girls are ________ likely than boys to...

Question 9

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a:

Accepted Answer

This is because research indicates that males tend to perform better than females in spatial abilities tests, while females tend to perform better in verbal and language-based tasks such as spelling bees and speech-giving contests. There is no evidence to suggest that boys are more likely to outperform girls in speed-reading tournaments.

Question 10

When completing a verbal aptitude test,members of an ethnic minority group are particularly likely to perform below their true ability levels if they believe that the test:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When completing a verbal aptitude test,members of...

Question 11

When promised money for doing well on an intelligence test,adolescents in four dozen studies scored higher.This best illustrates that intelligence test performance is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

The fact that adolescents performed better on intelligence tests when promised money suggests that their performance was influenced by their motivation level. The promise of monetary reward likely increased their incentive to do well on the test, leading to higher scores.

Question 12

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that:

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that Asian students tend to outperform North American students in mathematics achievement test scores. However, it is important to note that intelligence cannot be accurately measured by a single test score and there is significant debate and controversy surrounding racial and ethnic differences in intelligence. The other options presented in the question are inaccurate or unsupported by research.

Question 13

Jim,age 55,plays basketball with much younger adults and is concerned that his teammates might consider his age to be a detriment to their game outcome.His concern actually undermines his athletic performance.This best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

This scenario best illustrates the impact of stereotype threat, which occurs when individuals feel at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about their identity group. Jim's concern about being seen as too old to play well is an example of this phenomenon, and it undermines his performance as a result. A growth mind-set refers to the belief that abilities can improve with effort, while the Obama effect and polygenetics are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 14

The belief that intelligence is changeable facilitates:

Accepted Answer

The belief that intelligence is changeable is known as a growth mind-set and it facilitates a growth mind-set, which is the belief that one can improve their intelligence through effort and hard work. This mindset has been linked to better academic achievement and greater resilience in the face of challenges. Choices A, B, and C are not related to the belief that intelligence is changeable.

Question 15

Sweden and Iceland exhibit little of the gender gap in mathematical abilities found in Turkey and Korea.This best illustrates that mental abilities are:

Accepted Answer

The differences in gender gap in mathematical abilities between different countries suggest that mental abilities are socially influenced rather than purely genetic or polygenetic.

Question 16

Intelligence tests have effectively reduced discrimination in the sense that they have:

Accepted Answer

Intelligence tests have helped limit reliance on educators' subjectively biased judgments of students' academic potential. This has reduced discrimination as educators might have unconscious biases towards certain groups of students and their judgments may be influenced by factors other than academic potential. Intelligence tests provide an objective measure of a student's abilities, which can reduce discrimination and ensure that all students are given equal opportunities.

Question 17

Intelligence tests are "biased" in the sense that:

Accepted Answer

Intelligence tests are culturally biased in the sense that individuals who are not familiar with the cultural context of the test questions may perform poorly on the test. This can lead to underestimation of their true intelligence.

Question 18

The intelligence test scores of today's better-fed population ________ the scores of the 1930s population.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that better nutrition has led to higher IQ scores in modern populations compared to those from the 1930s, who may have suffered from malnutrition during the Great Depression.

Question 19

Stereotype threat involves a concern about confirming

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat involves the concern that one may confirm a negative stereotype about their group, such as low performance expectations for a particular race or gender. This can lead to anxiety and decreased performance on tasks. The other answer choices are not directly related to stereotype threat.

Question 20

Boys outnumber girls at extremely ________ levels of verbal fluency and at extremely ________ levels of solving complex math problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Boys outnumber girls at extremely ________ levels...

Quiz 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence