Question 1

Whiting and Edwards (1988)found what response was nearly universal regarding how older siblings responded to the birth of a younger sibling?

Accepted Answer

Whiting and Edwards (1988) found that the nearly universal response of older siblings to the birth of a younger sibling was jealousy.

Question 2

How frequent is physical punishment of young children in most parts of the world?

Accepted Answer

Physical punishment of young children is still very common in many parts of the world, despite being banned in some countries. Research suggests that up to 80% of parents globally use physical punishment as a form of discipline, indicating it is still widely accepted and used.

Question 3

You have a young child in your classroom with behavioral problems.You have tried many different strategies,unsuccessfully,to reduce the number of his inappropriate behaviors.Only one of those strategies seems to work.What strategy is it?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have a young child in your...

Question 4

Among American researchers,parenting that uses shame and withdrawal of love has been described by the term ____.

Accepted Answer

Psychological control refers to parenting strategies that manipulate children's emotional and psychological states, such as using shame or withdrawing love, to influence their behavior.

Question 5

Which of the following is a practice that requires children to sit still in a designated place for a period of time in an effort to reduce undesired behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Time out is a practice that requires children to sit still in a designated place for a period of time, usually one minute for each year of age, in an effort to reduce undesired behaviors. It is often used as a form of mild punishment that does not involve physical harm or the removal of privileges.

Question 6

Most countries still allow parents to spank their young children; nearly all ____.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that most countries still allow parents to spank their young children, but nearly all have outlawed beatings and other harsh forms of physical punishment. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. The other options are not mentioned in the statement.

Question 7

What culture's mothers express disappointment and withdraw their love temporarily? The child feels shame,which is a powerful inducement not to disobey again.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What culture's mothers express disappointment and withdraw...

Question 8

Your classmate has a son who just turned 4,whom she disciplines with physical punishment quite a lot.It appears to her that she is not being very effective in her discipline style and asks you your opinion regarding physical punishment.Citing research,you tell her that longitudinal research has discovered that physical punishment is associated with ____.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research has consistently found that physical punishment is associated with negative outcomes including increased aggression, delinquency, depression, and anxiety in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, individuals who experienced physical punishment in childhood are also more likely to engage in spousal abuse and violence in adulthood.

Question 9

Tamika and Daquon are the parents of a typical family and have three children.Based upon the reading,how many years probably separate each of their children?

Accepted Answer

The article doesn't provide a specific answer, but given that the family has three children, it is likely that there are at least two years between each child's birth. Option D, 2-4 years, is the best choice.

Question 10

_____ is a parental practice in which shame and the withdrawal of love are used to control the behaviors of children.

Accepted Answer

Psychological control involves using shame, guilt, and love withdrawal to control a child's behavior. It can be damaging to a child's mental health and development. Corporal punishment involves physical discipline, authoritative parenting style is characterized by setting clear rules and expectations while also being warm and nurturing, and insecure attachment refers to a lack of trust and security in the parent-child relationship.

Question 11

Gina and Mario have decided to only have one child.Based upon the text,Gina and Mario are similar to ____ of American families who have children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gina and Mario have decided to only...

Question 12

In the United States,what percentage of children has no siblings?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States,what percentage of children...

Question 13

Beginning in the early 1980s,____ made it illegal for families to have more than one child by initiating a "one child policy."

Accepted Answer

China is the country that implemented a one child policy in the early 1980s.

Question 14

American parents who use shame and withdrawal of love in early childhood have been associated with which of the following outcomes for their children?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that parents who use shame and withdrawal of love in early childhood are associated with negative outcomes for their children such as anxiety, aggression, and problems with peer relations. Children may also develop low self-esteem and feel unworthy of love and acceptance.

Question 15

There are interesting cultural differences in the use of physical punishment during early childhood.For African American children,the more physical punishment they received during early childhood,the ____.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that in some cultural contexts, such as among African American families, physical punishment is sometimes used within a framework of warmth and discipline, which can lead to different outcomes compared to other cultural contexts. In these cases, it may not be associated with increased aggression or antisocial behavior in adolescence.

Question 16

Traditionally,how long is the gap between the birth of one child and the birth of the next child worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Worldwide, there is usually a gap of 2-4 years between the birth of one child and the birth of the next child. However, this can vary greatly depending on cultural, social, and economic factors.

Question 17

There are substantial similarities worldwide in how cultures socialize young children and structure their social environments.What are the similarities?

Accepted Answer

The gradual lessening of dependence on the mother and a move toward peers and older children is a common feature of socialization across cultures. Fathers may play a role in socialization, but it is not necessarily exclusive or predominant. Option A and B are incorrect as they present extreme and unrealistic scenarios. Option C is not entirely accurate as mothers have always played a role in socialization, but the extent and nature of their involvement may vary between cultures.

Question 18

When is requiring a young child to sit still in a designated place for a brief period a good discipline strategy?

Accepted Answer

Requiring a young child to sit still for a brief period, often referred to as "time-out," can be effective for children who have behavioral problems as it gives them time to calm down and reflect on their actions. However, it is not universally effective for all children or situations.

Question 19

African Americans are more likely to use physical punishment as a means to correct their children; however,this is also accompanied with ____ so that the children understand that the intent is to teach them right from wrong.

Accepted Answer

African American parents who use physical punishment also tend to show a high degree of warmth towards their children. This helps to balance the use of physical punishment with positive reinforcement and emotional support for the child. Shame, low acceptance, and low empathy are not commonly associated with this parenting style.

Question 20

Physical punishment is also known as ____.

Accepted Answer

Corporal punishment is the act of using physical force to discipline or correct behavior. The other options are not specific to physical punishment. Neutralizing punishment is not a commonly used term, negative punishment is the removal of a desirable stimulus to decrease behavior, and capital punishment refers to the use of the death penalty as a form of punishment.

Quiz 6: Early Childhood

Whiting and Edwards (1988) found what response was nearly universal regarding how older siblings responded to the birth of a younger sibling?