Question 1

Voice characteristics include

Accepted Answer

All but a. However, this is actually incorrect when considering the components of voice characteristics. Pitch is indeed a fundamental characteristic of voice, along with loudness, quality, and resonance. Therefore, the correct answer should be:
e) All of the above
Each of these characteristics plays a significant role in how we perceive and produce vocal sounds:
a) Pitch: This is the perceived frequency of a sound, which determines how high or low a voice sounds. It is controlled by the tension and length of the vocal cords.
b) Loudness: This refers to the volume or intensity of the voice, which is controlled by the amount of air pressure that comes from the lungs through the vocal cords.
c) Quality: This encompasses the unique features of a voice that make it distinctive, including aspects like breathiness, hoarseness, nasality, and clarity.
d) Resonance: This is the amplification and enrichment of the voice as it passes through the throat, mouth, and nasal passages.
In summary, the correct answer, considering all voice characteristics, should be "e) All of the above."

Question 2

The quality of voice cannot be completely separated from pitch and loudness.

Accepted Answer

The quality of voice is made up of various factors including pitch, loudness, tone, and timbre. These elements all work together to create the overall quality of someone's voice, so they cannot be completely separated from each other.

Question 3

The percentage of voice disorders among the general population in the United States is estimated to be

Accepted Answer

Studies estimate that between 6-10% of the general population in the United States experience some form of voice disorder.

Question 4

The majority of voice disorders are preventable.

Accepted Answer

The majority of voice disorders are caused by behaviors and practices that can be changed, such as excessive shouting, smoking, and improper vocal technique. By adopting healthy vocal habits and avoiding harmful behaviors, individuals can prevent most voice disorders. However, some voice disorders may have medical or neurological causes that are not preventable.

Question 5

Culture and ethnicity do not play a role in the occurrence of voice disorders.

Accepted Answer

Culture and ethnicity can influence voice use and vocal health, which in turn can increase the risk for voice disorders. Factors such as language, accent, vocal demands of a particular culture or profession, and cultural beliefs about voice use and care should be taken into consideration when assessing and treating voice disorders among individuals from diverse backgrounds.

Question 6

Breathiness and hoarseness are caused by periodic vibrations of the vocal folds.

Accepted Answer

Breathiness and hoarseness are typically caused by irregular or incomplete closure of the vocal folds, leading to turbulent airflow and atypical vibrations, not periodic vibrations which are associated with normal voice production.

Question 7

When Maria has a cold,her sinuses often become inflamed,blocking her nasal cavities and nasal passageways.This alteration in Maria's upper vocal tract will most likely affect

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Maria has a cold,her sinuses often...

Question 8

Cynthia is a 19 year-old budding actress.Six weeks earlier,Cynthia's otolaryngologist removed a benign,pedunculated neoplasm,which had protruded into the glottal space,from the left vocal fold.At her follow-up visit,the otolaryngologist noted that Cynthia continued to present with a breathy voice.He referred her to a speech-language pathologist for evaluation and possible voice therapy.The otolaryngologist's report probably indicated a diagnosis of vocal breathiness secondary to surgical removal of

Accepted Answer

The correct diagnosis is likely a vocal polyp, as these are benign, pedunculated neoplasms that can protrude into the glottal space and cause voice changes such as breathiness. Vocal papillomata, vocal fold nodules, and laryngeal carcinoma have different characteristics and are less likely to be described as pedunculated neoplasms protruding into the glottal space in this context.

Question 9

The goal of voice assessment is to provide a direction for voice therapy.

Accepted Answer

The aim of voice assessment is to diagnose the voice disorder and identify its underlying causes so that a personalized and effective voice therapy plan can be developed.

Question 10

Joseph smoked two packs of cigarettes a day for 25 years.He also consumed 2-3 packs of beer on weekends routinely since his early 20's.Now at age 50,he contacts his physician with complaints of a chronic cough,difficulty swallowing and hoarseness of voice.Two weeks later,Joseph has been scheduled for surgery to remove his larynx and has been referred to a speech-language pathologist for an evaluation and probable vocal rehabilitation because of a diagnosis of

Accepted Answer

Joseph's history of smoking and alcohol consumption, along with the symptoms he is experiencing, suggest a diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma, or cancer of the larynx. The recommended surgery to remove his larynx supports this diagnosis. The referral to a speech-language pathologist for evaluation and vocal rehabilitation also supports this diagnosis, as removal of the larynx results in a loss of voice that requires rehabilitation. Choices A, B, and C all involve benign conditions of the vocal folds and would not typically require removal of the larynx or referral to a speech-language pathologist.

Question 11

Four-year old Carrie presented with moderate breathy dysphonia.Endoscopic examination revealed multiple glistening,pinkish white irregular masses located on the right side of the pharyngeal wall,the right regions of the epiglottis,the right region of the thyroid cartilage and the right region of the vocal fold.The medical diagnosis was probably

Accepted Answer

The description of the irregular masses located on multiple areas of the larynx and pharynx is consistent with papillomata, which are benign growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This condition commonly presents with breathy dysphonia and is more common in children. Contact ulcers, laryngeal webs, and vocal nodules typically do not present with multiple irregular masses and are not associated with HPV.

Question 12

Baby Sam presented with strident breathing and high-pitched crying with a hoarse vocal quality at birth.Transnasal endoscopic examination revealed a membranous tissue extending from one vocal fold to the other.The medial diagnosis was probably

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with a laryngeal web, which is a membrane that forms across the larynx, causing airway obstruction and hoarse voice. Vocal cysts, papillomata, and laryngeal carcinoma typically present with different symptoms and do not involve a membranous tissue extending from one vocal fold to the other.

Question 13

High vocal pitch is related to

Accepted Answer

High vocal pitch is related to rapidly moving, elongated, thin vocal folds because they vibrate more quickly and produce higher frequency sound waves.

Question 14

Categories of voice disorders include

Accepted Answer

The categories of voice disorders include functional voice disorders, which are caused by improper use of vocal mechanisms; organic voice disorders, which have physical causes such as growths on vocal cords; neurological voice disorders, which involve damage to the nervous system; and non-specific voice disorders, which do not fit into any of the other categories. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are all valid categories of voice disorders, and d is not a valid category. Hence, the correct answer is E, which includes all the valid categories of voice disorders except non-specific voice disorders.

Question 15

Some speech sounds,such as /f,v,s,z/,contain noise.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some speech sounds,such as /f,v,s,z/,contain noise....

Question 16

Speech is the process of producing complex sounds.

Accepted Answer

Speech involves the production of complex sounds through the use of our vocal apparatus, including the mouth, throat, and lungs.

Question 17

Lisa has asthma which at times affects this aspect of her voice

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lisa has asthma which at times affects...

Question 18

Voice disorders occur only in adults.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Voice disorders occur only in adults....

Question 19

Speech-language pathologists should always inform physicians of a voice client's medical diagnosis before beginning therapy.

Accepted Answer

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are not typically responsible for diagnosing medical conditions that may underlie voice disorders; this is usually the role of a physician. SLPs focus on assessing and treating communication disorders, including those affecting voice. They may work closely with physicians to understand a client's medical diagnosis and to coordinate care, but they do not inform physicians of medical diagnoses.

Quiz 8: Voice Disorders