Question 1

Many research studies are examples of what is known as "replication and extension." Explain and use an example to illustrate.

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Question 2

A researcher, before starting a study, proposes that as the number of bystanders increases, the chances that any one of them will help an injured victim decreases. This statement is a good example of a(n) ___________.

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Question 3

Define manipulation check and pilot study and describe how Bushman and Anderson used each to ensure that their laboratory experiment was methodologically sound.

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Question 4

John Watson completed a series of studies in which he attempted to determine which senses were necessary for maze learning to occur. His procedure of eliminating senses one by one is an example of what Popper would call a(n) _________ strategy.

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Question 5

Use Festinger's dissonance theory to explain what is meant by a construct.

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Question 6

Describe the purposes of basic and applied research and use the selective attention examples to show why some researchers argue that applied research often relies on a foundation provided by basic research.

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Question 7

If variables are poorly defined and procedures aren't clearly spelled out by a particular investigator, it will be difficult for another researcher to ___________ the study.

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Question 8

Some thought that Clever Hans was highly intelligent, but a more _________ explanation was that he was responding to simple visual cues from the questioner.

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Question 9

A theory can be the starting point for developing a research hypothesis through the logical process of _______.

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Question 10

Describe the roles played by inductive and deductive thinking in the relationship between theory and the results of research.

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Question 11

On strictly logical grounds, a theory can be disproven by a single study. On practical grounds, however, this never happens. Explain.

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Question 12

Describe the ethical problems associated with doing field research.

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Question 13

_________ can be thought of as the process of seeing a meaningful connection between two ideas that appear to be unrelated to each other.

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Question 14

Using maze learning as an example, describe how scientists can be creative.

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Question 15

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research. Give an example of a typical method used in the latter approach.

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Question 16

To say that hunger can be defined as the result of 24 hours without food is to use a(n) _____________ definition of the term.

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Question 17

What is serendipity? Use an example to show how the phenomenon relates to the question of developing research ideas.

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Question 18

Distinguish between the major goals of basic and applied research.

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Question 19

Distinguish between mundane realism and experimental realism and explain why most researchers believe the latter to be more important than the former.

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Question 20

Sometimes discoveries are made accidentally, as when a procedural error occurs. Such a discovery is said to be the result of __________.

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Quiz 3: Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology