Question 1

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. H₂O(l) + ClF₅(l) $\to$ A) HClO₂(aq) + HF(aq) B) HClO₃(aq) + HF(aq) C) HClO(aq) + HF(aq) D) HCl(aq) + HF(aq) E) HClO(aq) + HFO(aq)

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Write balanced equations, showing all reactants and products, to represent a. roasting of limestone (CaCO₃) to give lime. b. tetraphosphorus decaoxide (P₄O₁₀) reacting with water to produce phosphoric acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write balanced equations, showing all reactants and...

Question 3

The acidity of oxides of main group elements increases across a period from left to right.

Accepted Answer

The trend of increasing acidity across a period from left to right is due to the increasing electronegativity of the elements and the decreasing size of the atoms. As the atom size decreases, the bond between the atom and the oxygen atom becomes more polarized, making the oxide more acidic.

Question 4

Which of the following is the strongest acid? A) HClO₃ B) HBrO₃ C) HIO₃ D) HIO₂ E) HClO

Accepted Answer

HClO has the strongest acid among the given options because the electronegativity of chlorine (Cl) is higher than that of bromine (Br) or iodine (I), making HClO the strongest acid due to its ability to stabilize the negative charge on the oxygen in the conjugate base more effectively.

Question 5

Write balanced equations, showing all reactants and products, to represent
a. the reaction of lithium metal with oxygen to form lithium oxide.
b. the formation of ammonia in the Haber process.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

Sodium hypochlorite is used
A) in chemical analysis.
B) as an oxidizer in rocket fuels.
C) as a disinfectant.
D) in the manufacture of steel.
E) as a detergent.

Accepted Answer

Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as a disinfectant due to its ability to kill bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. It is often used for water treatment, sanitation in healthcare settings, and to sanitize food preparation surfaces.

Question 7

Hydrogen fluoride is used
A) in the manufacture of steel.
B) in the synthesis of cryolite for aluminum production.
C) as an oxidizing agent.
D) as a disinfectant.
E) as a mouthwash.

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen fluoride is used in the synthesis of cryolite for aluminum production.

Question 8

Each one of the following statements applies to an element or elements from one of the main groups (1A through 8A). Identify the group number appropriate to each of the statements, and write it in the left hand margin alongside that statement. a. This group contains the element with the lowest ionization potential of any element. b. The maximum oxidation number of any element in this group is +5. c. An element X in this group forms a stable, unreactive gas, XF₆.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each one of the following statements applies...

Question 9

Name the three different classes (types) of hydride, and list some of their important characteristics.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Consider the oxides XO₂, where X is a main-group element. Identify X in each of the following cases: a. XO₂ is a natural component of the atmosphere, implicated in global warming. b. XO₂ is a toxic, brown gas and a component of photochemical smog. c. XO₂ is a colorless, toxic gas, implicated in acid rain. d. XO₂ is network solid; one form of it is the mineral quartz.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the oxides XO₂, where X is...

Question 11

Write balanced equations, showing all reactants and products, to represent
a. the reaction of calcium metal with water.
b. the reaction of aluminum metal with oxygen gas.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Cs(s) + Br₂(l) $\to$ A) CsBr(s) B) CsBr₂(s) C) CsBr(l) D) CsBr₂(l) E) Cs₂Br(s)

Accepted Answer

This is a simple combination reaction between Cs (cesium) and Br (bromine) to form CsBr (cesium bromide). The F1F1F1S1 is likely a formatting error and not relevant to the reaction.

Question 13

If an alkali metal is represented by the symbol M, what is the formula of
a. the oxide of M?
b. the peroxide of M?
c. the superoxide of M?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an alkali metal is represented by...

Question 14

Which, if any, of the following generalized formulas does not exist for interhalogen compounds? (X and Y represent different halogens.) A) XY B) XY₂ C) XY₃ D) XY₅ E) All the above can represent stable interhalogen compounds.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Xenon forms several compounds with oxygen and fluorine. It is the most reactive non-radioactive noble gas because
A) its large radius allows oxygen and fluorine to bond without being crowded.
B) it has the highest electronegativity of these noble gases.
C) it has the highest electron affinity of these noble gases.
D) its effective nuclear charge is lower than the other noble gases.
E) it has the lowest ionization energy of these noble gases.

Accepted Answer

Xenon, being the most reactive nonradioactive noble gas, has the lowest ionization energy among the noble gases. This lower ionization energy makes it easier for xenon to lose an electron and form compounds, particularly with highly electronegative elements like oxygen and fluorine.

Question 16

Name the three allotropes of carbon and briefly describe their properties and structures.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Predict the molecular shape of XeF₃^-. A) linear B) trigonal planar C) trigonal pyramid D) T-shaped E) square

Accepted Answer

Xe has 8 valence electrons, F has 7, S has 6, and P has 5. The total number of valence electrons in the compound is 1 + 13 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 0 = 24. Xe will be the central atom, and will have 4 electron pairs around it (1 from each F and 3 from the lone pairs on S and P). Therefore, the geometry will be either a trigonal bipyramid or a square pyramid. However, since one of the lone pairs is on a terminal atom (B), it will cause Xe to have a T-shaped geometry.

Question 18

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Cl₂(g) + I^-(aq) $\to$ A) ICl B) ICl₂ C) ICl₃ D) I₂ + Cl^- E) I + Cl₂^-

Accepted Answer

Chlorine (Cl2) is a stronger oxidizing agent than iodine (I-), so it will oxidize iodide ions (I-) to iodine (I2), while being reduced to chloride ions (Cl-).

Question 19

Identify by number (1A-8A) the main-group of the periodic table to which the described element (X) belongs, in each of the following cases. a. X commonly forms the ion X^2-. b. X reacts with water according to the equation X(s) + 2H₂O(l) $\to$ X(OH)₂(aq) + H₂(g) c. X exists as molecules, X₂; its hydride has the formula HX. d. X is a metal which reacts with oxygen to produce the peroxide, X₂O₂.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify by number (1A-8A) the main-group of...

Question 20

Ionic hydrides do not have exact (stoichiometric) formulas.

Accepted Answer

Ionic hydrides typically have exact stoichiometric formulas because they consist of a metal from groups 1 or 2 bonded to hydrogen, forming compounds with fixed ratios of atoms.

Quiz 14: Periodic Patterns in the Main Group Elements: Bonding, Structure, and Reactivity

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. H2O(l) + ClF5(l) →\to→

Write balanced equations, showing all reactants and products, to represent a. roasting of limestone (CaCO3) to give lime. b. tetraphosphorus decaoxide (P4O10) reacting with water to produce phosphoric acid.

The acidity of oxides of main group elements increases across a period from left to right.

Which of the following is the strongest acid?

Write balanced equations, showing all reactants and products, to represent a. the reaction of lithium metal with oxygen to form lithium oxide. b. the formation of ammonia in the Haber process.

Sodium hypochlorite is used

Hydrogen fluoride is used

Name the three different classes (types) of hydride, and list some of their important characteristics.

Write balanced equations, showing all reactants and products, to represent a. the reaction of calcium metal with water. b. the reaction of aluminum metal with oxygen gas.

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Cs(s) + Br2(l) →\to→

If an alkali metal is represented by the symbol M, what is the formula of a. the oxide of M? b. the peroxide of M? c. the superoxide of M?

Which, if any, of the following generalized formulas does not exist for interhalogen compounds? (X and Y represent different halogens.)

Xenon forms several compounds with oxygen and fluorine. It is the most reactive non-radioactive noble gas because

Name the three allotropes of carbon and briefly describe their properties and structures.

Predict the molecular shape of XeF3-.

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Cl2(g) + I-(aq) →\to→

Ionic hydrides do not have exact (stoichiometric) formulas.

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. H₂O(l) + ClF₅(l) $\to$

Write balanced equations, showing all reactants and products, to represent a. roasting of limestone (CaCO₃) to give lime. b. tetraphosphorus decaoxide (P₄O₁₀) reacting with water to produce phosphoric acid.

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Cs(s) + Br₂(l) $\to$

Predict the molecular shape of XeF₃^-.

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. Cl₂(g) + I^-(aq) $\to$