Question 1

The increase in iron intake recommendations for girls during adolescence is directly related to

Accepted Answer

The increase in iron intake during adolescence is mainly due to menstrual blood losses that occur with the onset of puberty. As girls start to menstruate, they lose iron-rich blood with each cycle. Therefore, it is important for them to increase their iron intake to compensate for the loss and maintain adequate iron stores in the body.

Question 2

The major concern about early consumption of cow, goat, or soy milk or fruit juices during infancy is that

Accepted Answer

Cow, goat, or soy milk or fruit juices do not provide the necessary nutrients that infants need to grow and develop. In addition, these fluids may displace the intake of iron-containing foods or formula, increasing the risk of iron-deficiency anemia. It is recommended that infants exclusively breastfeed or consume iron-fortified formula for the first 6 months of life, and then gradually introduce solid foods while continuing to breastfeed or formula feed until at least 12 months.

Question 3

In addition to calcium to support bone growth during adolescence, two other nutrients required to support growth and to ensure healthy pregnancies in teenage girls who might become pregnant are

Accepted Answer

Iron and folate are both essential nutrients for supporting growth and ensuring healthy pregnancies in teenage girls who might become pregnant. Iron is needed to support blood volume expansion during pregnancy and to prevent iron-deficiency anemia, which is common in adolescent girls. Folate is important for preventing birth defects of the brain and spine, which can occur very early in pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant. Adolescent girls who may become pregnant should consume foods rich in iron (like lean meats, beans, and fortified cereals) and folate (like leafy green vegetables, beans, and fortified grains), and may also need to take supplements to ensure adequate intake.

Question 4

A positive nutritional impact of menopause is

Accepted Answer

Menopause can lead to improved iron status because the cessation of menstruation stops the monthly loss of iron through menstrual blood. This can result in a positive impact on the body's iron reserves.

Question 5

Low-birth-weight babies

Accepted Answer

Low-birth-weight babies are defined as weighing less than 5.5 pounds at birth and are at an increased risk for early death, especially within the first year of life. They are also at risk for various health complications such as developmental delays, respiratory problems, and infections. Low-birth-weight babies are not always born prematurely, and they are not at reduced risk for developing chronic diseases later in life.

Question 6

Breast milk production is largely driven by the demands of the baby. Therefore, the reason that women generally produce less milk after the baby is 6 months old is that

Accepted Answer

As babies start consuming more complementary foods, their demand for breast milk decreases. This leads to a decrease in milk production in the mother's body, as breast milk production is triggered by the baby's demand for milk.

Question 7

Breastfeeding shortly after birth is beneficial for the mother because it

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding stimulates the release of oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract and return to its pre-pregnancy size more quickly, reducing the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Question 8

To encourage healthy eating in a child, parents should

Accepted Answer

Encouraging snacking on nutrient-dense foods can help children develop healthy eating habits, as they are more likely to choose healthy options when snacking. However, it is important to also offer a variety of healthy options and limit access to unhealthy snacks. Rewarding good behaviors with food can create an unhealthy relationship with food, and forcing a child to try a new food can lead to a negative association with that food. Creating separate meal times for adults and children can also be counterproductive, as it may discourage family meals and can make eating seem like a chore rather than a social and enjoyable experience.

Question 9

Fish consumption is encouraged during pregnancy because of the importance of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA in _____ development; however, the FDA and EPA advise against consumption of fish likely to contain high levels of _____.

Accepted Answer

Fish consumption is encouraged during pregnancy because DHA is important for fetal brain development. However, the FDA and EPA advise against consumption of fish likely to contain high levels of mercury, which can harm fetal brain development. Therefore, the correct answer is (C) fetal brain development and mercury.

Question 10

Imagine that you are 25 years old. Most people of your gender live to be 80 years old, and the oldest person of your gender lived to be 110 years old. Lifespan and life expectancy in this scenario would be _____ and _____, respectively.

Accepted Answer

Lifespan refers to the maximum age that members of a species have been known to live, which in this scenario is 110 years. Life expectancy is the average age that members of a specific group (in this case, people of your gender) are expected to live, which is 80 years. However, the explanation provided in the choices seems to have a mistake as none of the options correctly matches the explanation given. The correct pairing based on the definitions would be 110 for lifespan and 80 for life expectancy, but this option is not provided. Given the options, D is chosen based on the numbers provided, but it incorrectly describes life expectancy.

Question 11

The reason(s) that recommendations for calcium intake do not change for the mother during pregnancy is (are)

Accepted Answer

During pregnancy, a woman's body increases the absorption of calcium from her diet and reduces the excretion of calcium, which compensates for the increased demand for calcium from the developing fetus. Therefore, recommendations for calcium intake do not need to change for the mother during pregnancy.

Question 12

If a child is in the 25th percentile for weight according to the growth chart, that means that the baby

Accepted Answer

Being in the 25th percentile for weight means the child weighs more than 25% of the reference population of infants, but less than the remaining 75%.

Question 13

Because iron stores begin to decline at 4 to 6 months of age, it is recommended that

Accepted Answer

Infants should be given iron-rich complementary foods when their iron stores begin to decline at 4 to 6 months of age to prevent iron deficiency anemia. Breast milk or formula alone may not provide sufficient iron for the baby's needs at this age. It is not recommended to mix complementary foods with cow milk or switch from breastfeeding to formula feeding unless there are specific medical reasons to do so.

Question 14

An elderly individual experiencing memory loss and personality changes may be exhibiting signs of

Accepted Answer

Memory loss and personality changes are symptoms commonly associated with a deficiency in vitamin B12. This vitamin plays an important role in brain function and nervous system health. A deficiency can lead to cognitive impairment and mood changes. Iron deficiency, calcium deficiency, and zinc deficiency may also have neurological symptoms, but they are not typically associated with memory loss and personality changes.

Question 15

Although both calcium and iron needs increase during childhood, there is also a recommendation that children consume no more than about 3 cups of calcium-rich cow milk each day. The explanation for this recommendation is that

Accepted Answer

Overconsumption of cow milk can displace iron-rich foods from the diet. Consuming too much cow milk can lead to decreased appetite for other foods and limit the intake of iron-rich foods, which can negatively impact iron status. It is important for children to obtain sufficient iron from other sources, such as meat, fish, legumes, and fortified grains.

Quiz 10: Life Cycle Nutrition