Question 1

__________ segregation results from housing patterns,economic patterns,and gerrymandered school districts.

Accepted Answer

De facto segregation results from factors such as housing patterns, economic patterns, and social norms, rather than intentionally discriminatory laws or policies. Gerrymandering (A) involves manipulating political boundaries to benefit a certain group, but while it may contribute to segregation, it is not the direct cause. Ex-post facto (B) refers to criminalizing an act that was legal when it was committed, and is not relevant to segregation. De jure segregation (C) refers to segregation that is explicitly sanctioned by law or policy, which is not the case in this question. Ad hoc (E) refers to a solution created specifically for a particular problem or situation, and does not apply here.

Question 2

Some people believe that all Sicilians are gangsters,that all old people are senile,that all people with long hair are drug addicts,and that all Native Americans are alcoholics.These beliefs are the product of __________.

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping is the act of making assumptions or generalizations about a group of people based on limited knowledge or personal biases. The beliefs described in this scenario are examples of stereotypes.

Question 3

Which of the acts listed below that prevents minority groups from having equal access to housing)have been judged to be illegal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the acts listed below that...

Question 4

De jure segregation refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

De jure segregation refers specifically to segregation that is required by law, as opposed to segregation that might be the result of social custom or economic factors.

Question 5

Discrimination built into the structure and form of society is called __________ discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Institutional discrimination refers to the ways in which societal structures and institutions, such as laws, policies, and practices, perpetuate unequal outcomes based on race, gender, and other characteristics. This type of discrimination is often ingrained in the system and can be difficult to identify and address. The other options do not accurately describe discrimination rooted in societal structures and practices.

Question 6

The phenomenon described as "Driving While Black" is an illustration of __________.

Accepted Answer

"Driving While Black" refers to the practice of law enforcement officials targeting and stopping individuals solely based on their race. This is an example of racial profiling, which is the discriminatory practice of singling out individuals for suspicion, investigation, or other negative treatment based on their race or ethnicity.

Question 7

The text observes that many blacks,Chicanos,Native Americans,Puerto Ricans,women,and members of other minority groups have questionable protection of the law in their dealings with public institutions.This reflects ___________.

Accepted Answer

Institutional discrimination refers to the ways in which the norms, policies, and practices of public institutions perpetuate unequal treatment and outcomes for certain groups. The fact that many minority groups have questionable protection of the law suggests that there is a systemic problem within these institutions that is perpetuating discrimination. Systematic prejudice, stereotyping, reverse discrimination, and racial profiling are all related concepts but do not fully capture the systemic nature of institutional discrimination.

Question 8

In a study of trends in residential segregation and poverty in the United States,sociologist Douglas Massey and his colleagues found that __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study of trends in residential...

Question 9

A recent study by the Harvard Project on School Desegregation revealed that __________.

Accepted Answer

None of the options presented match what the study by the Harvard Project on School Desegregation actually revealed. Therefore, none of the choices presented are correct.

Question 10

In some ways,discrimination in employment is a direct result of discrimination in __________.

Accepted Answer

Education is often a prerequisite for certain jobs, and if particular groups have historically been denied access to quality education, then they may face barriers to entering certain professions or advancing in their careers. Discrimination in education can include uneven funding for schools in different areas, biased disciplinary practices, limited access to advanced courses, and other factors that create inequalities in the quality of education received by different groups.

Question 11

In 2004,the median net worth of Hispanic households was approximately__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 2004,the median net worth of Hispanic...

Question 12

An agreement among neighborhood homeowners not to sell their property to people who were designated as "undesirable" involves what is called a __________.

Accepted Answer

A restrictive covenant is an agreement among property owners within a specific geographical area that restricts the use or sale of a property. In this case, the neighborhood homeowners have agreed not to sell their property to people who are designated as "undesirable." This type of restriction is illegal and discriminatory.

Question 13

The access of blacks to good jobs has often been impeded by discrimination against blacks in the training programs and apprenticeships of __________.

Accepted Answer

Labor unions have a history of excluding or limiting black membership and participation in their training programs and apprenticeships, which has restricted their access to good jobs. This discrimination has been documented in industries such as construction, manufacturing, and transportation. Government agencies, trade schools, and proprietary/professional schools may also contribute to discrimination, but labor unions have been specifically noted for their role in limiting job opportunities for blacks.

Question 14

Melvin Oliver and Thomas Shapiro found that about __________ of Americans own almost no assets other than a car.

Accepted Answer

According to Melvin Oliver and Thomas Shapiro, about one-third of Americans own almost no assets other than a car.

Question 15

In order to avoid desegregating a neighborhood,some real estate agents avoid showing minority group members housing in that neighborhood,and,instead,show them housing only in areas where minority group members live.This is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

This describes racial steering, which is the practice of showing homes only in certain areas based on the buyer's race or ethnicity. This can perpetuate housing segregation and is illegal under the Fair Housing Act. The other options either do not accurately describe this practice or are not applicable in this context.

Question 16

Within the United States population,the problem of finding adequate employment is MOST serious for __________.

Accepted Answer

Research and statistics indicate that young black and Hispanic men face significantly higher rates of unemployment compared to other demographic groups in the United States. This can be attributed to a number of factors, including systemic racism and discrimination, lack of access to education and training opportunities, and limited job prospects in certain geographic areas.

Question 17

At all levels of education,minority group members earn less than their nonminority counterparts,and the text observes that even better than a "sheepskin" is __________.

Accepted Answer

The text implies that systemic racism and discrimination are significant factors in the disparity of earnings between minority and nonminority groups, suggesting that having a "white skin" (representing membership in the majority or nonminority group) is more advantageous than educational achievements in the context of earning potential.

Question 18

Milton Yinger has pointed out that human problems like racial disharmony are best viewed f rom which of the following perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Yinger argues that issues such as racial disharmony cannot be adequately understood from a single perspective; instead, they require a multidisciplinary approach that takes into account psychological, social-structural, and cultural factors. Thus, the best answer is D: All of the above.

Question 19

Recent research on impoverished ghetto neighborhoods by William J.Wilson emphasizes that the economic and social distance between the small minority middle class and the poor is __________.

Accepted Answer

William J. Wilson's research emphasizes that the economic and social distance between the small minority middle class and the poor is widening in impoverished ghetto neighborhoods.

Question 20

In __________ a black or minority couple is sent to real estate agents and shown (or not shown)certain types of housing.Then a white couple is sent to the same agents and the results are compared;this process is repeated many times with different agents to determine whether a systematic pattern of discrimination exists.

Accepted Answer

The process described is known as audit research, which involves sending testers with similar characteristics but of different races to housing providers to determine whether discrimination is occurring.

Quiz 7: Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination