Question 1

According to Soloway and Walters, once summoned to testify, researchers have no legal recourse but to divulge informa tion or face a contempt citation.

Accepted Answer

Soloway and Walters suggest that researchers have no legal recourse but to disclose information once they are called to testify, and failure to do so can result in a contempt citation.

Question 2

Federal procedures for prior review of human subjects re search is evidence of failure of professional associations to have won public trust.

Accepted Answer

The fact that there are federal procedures in place for prior review of human subjects research suggests that there have been historical cases of unethical experimentation on human subjects that have eroded public trust in research institutions. Professional associations have not been able to fully regain that trust, hence the need for federal oversight.

Question 3

The most important source of social science research regula tion is the Department of Health and Human Services guidelines.

Accepted Answer

The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines are a significant source of social science research regulation. DHHS regulates various research activities, particularly those that involve human subjects. These regulations are designed to safeguard the welfare and rights of individuals participating in research studies. The DHHS regulations apply to all research activities involving human subjects that are conducted, funded, or supported by the federal government. Therefore, it is accurate to say that DHHS guidelines are essential in social science research regulation.

Question 4

Institutional Review Boards are formed and run by the federal government.

Accepted Answer

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are not formed and run by the federal government, although they are regulated by federal law. IRBs are typically established by universities or other research institutions to ensure that research involving human subjects is conducted ethically and in accordance with federal regulations.

Question 5

According to Soloway and Walters' examination of Pennsylvania statute, researchers would actually have had to assist, aid, or abet actual commission of a specific criminal act in order to be libel under statute.

Accepted Answer

According to Soloway and Walters' examination of Pennsylvania statute, researchers would actually have had to assist, aid, or abet actual commission of a specific criminal act in order to be libel under statute.

Question 6

The text takes the point of view that deception is not permitted under any circumstances in research.

Accepted Answer

The text does not explicitly state a viewpoint on the permissibility of deception in research; it merely provides information without expressing a stance on this ethical issue.

Question 7

In order to conduct research with ethical responsibility, criminal justice researchers should limit their targets of research to volunteers.

Accepted Answer

Criminal justice research can ethically include non-volunteers, such as incarcerated individuals or crime victims, as long as the research adheres to ethical guidelines that protect participants' rights and well-being.

Question 8

In reality science itself is amoral, ethically neutral.

Accepted Answer

Science is a methodology for studying the natural world and discovering new knowledge through experimentation and observation. It is neutral in the sense that it doesn't have any inherent ethics or morality. It is up to individuals and society to decide how to use scientific discoveries and technology in a responsible and ethical way.

Question 9

Since until recently there has been no professional code of ethics governing research in criminal justice, it is safe to assume that most criminal justice researchers do not conduct themselves ethically in performing research.

Accepted Answer

While it is true that there has not been a widely accepted, comprehensive code of ethics for criminal justice research until relatively recently, many researchers and institutions have had their own ethical guidelines and principles in place. Additionally, many researchers and institutions have followed ethical guidelines from other fields, such as social sciences or medical research. Therefore, it is not accurate to assume that most criminal justice researchers do not conduct themselves ethically.

Question 10

The text takes the point of view that some privacy invasion is inevitable in criminal justice research.

Accepted Answer

The text states that "some degree of privacy invasion may be inevitable in criminal justice research, particularly when conducting studies on populations that have been in contact with the criminal justice system." Therefore, the text takes the view that privacy invasion is inevitable to some extent.

Question 11

The Belmont Report recommended the alteration of the HEW informed consent requirement in the case of field research.

Accepted Answer

The Belmont Report recommended the alteration of the HEW informed consent requirement in the case of field research. Specifically, the report recommended that "the requirement of informed consent can be altered or waived if the research involves no more than minimal risk to the subjects" and if obtaining informed consent would be impractical or would compromise the validity of the research. This recommendation was incorporated into the Common Rule, which governs research ethics in the United States.

Question 12

Laws enacted by Congress grant the right of privileged communication to contracted HHS researchers in criminal proceedings.

Accepted Answer

Laws have been enacted by Congress to grant the right of privileged communication to contracted HHS researchers in criminal proceedings. This means that the researchers have the right to keep certain information confidential and cannot be compelled to disclose it in a criminal trial.

Question 13

The notion of reciprocity involves a mutual trust and obligation between researcher and subject.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity involves a mutual trust and obligation between researcher and subject where both parties are expected to benefit from the research process. It is considered a fundamental aspect of ethical research practices.

Question 14

NIJ has no regulations governing the research of those who have been contracted to perform research for it.

Accepted Answer

The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) has specific regulations and guidelines that govern the research conducted by those contracted to perform research for it, ensuring ethical standards and the integrity of the research.

Question 15

There has been no attempt to develop a code of ethics in either criminology and criminal justice.

Accepted Answer

There have been several attempts to develop codes of ethics in both criminology and criminal justice, including the Code of Ethics of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences and the Code of Ethics of the American Society of Criminology.

Question 16

According to Klockars the researcher-subject model in bio medical research is analogous to criminal justice research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Klockars the researcher-subject model in...

Question 17

Since HEW supports both physical and social sciences, their original guidelines applied equally to each.

Accepted Answer

The statement correctly states that HEW supports both physical and social sciences, and their guidelines applied equally to each.

Question 18

A code of ethics governing research practices must, if it is to be worthwhile, require strict abidance by all with no exceptions.

Accepted Answer

A code of ethics governing research practices should be flexible to some extent to accommodate the diverse and complex nature of research activities, recognizing that strict adherence without exceptions may not always be feasible or ethical in every situation.

Question 19

Polsky supports the view that the scientific role in research takes precedence over the citizen role in the short run.

Accepted Answer

According to Polsky, in the short run, the scientific role in research takes precedence over the citizen role because scientific knowledge and expertise are needed to achieve accurate and reliable research results. However, Polsky also asserts that in the long run, citizen input and participation are essential for shaping ethical and socially responsible research practices.

Question 20

Weppner feels that a strict interpretation of the old HEW guidelines would have made street ethnography impossible.

Accepted Answer

Weppner argues that the strict interpretation of the old HEW guidelines, which required informed consent and anonymity for research subjects, would have made it impossible for street ethnography to be conducted since subjects on the street may not have been willing to participate or reveal their identities.

Quiz 2: Ethics in Criminal Justice Research

According to Soloway and Walters, once summoned to testify, researchers have no legal recourse but to divulge informa tion or face a contempt citation.

Federal procedures for prior review of human subjects re search is evidence of failure of professional associations to have won public trust.

The most important source of social science research regula tion is the Department of Health and Human Services guidelines.

Institutional Review Boards are formed and run by the federal government.

According to Soloway and Walters' examination of Pennsylvania statute, researchers would actually have had to assist, aid, or abet actual commission of a specific criminal act in order to be libel under statute.

The text takes the point of view that deception is not permitted under any circumstances in research.

In order to conduct research with ethical responsibility, criminal justice researchers should limit their targets of research to volunteers.

In reality science itself is amoral, ethically neutral.

Since until recently there has been no professional code of ethics governing research in criminal justice, it is safe to assume that most criminal justice researchers do not conduct themselves ethically in performing research.

The text takes the point of view that some privacy invasion is inevitable in criminal justice research.

The Belmont Report recommended the alteration of the HEW informed consent requirement in the case of field research.

Laws enacted by Congress grant the right of privileged communication to contracted HHS researchers in criminal proceedings.

The notion of reciprocity involves a mutual trust and obligation between researcher and subject.

NIJ has no regulations governing the research of those who have been contracted to perform research for it.

There has been no attempt to develop a code of ethics in either criminology and criminal justice.

According to Klockars the researcher-subject model in bio medical research is analogous to criminal justice research.

Since HEW supports both physical and social sciences, their original guidelines applied equally to each.

A code of ethics governing research practices must, if it is to be worthwhile, require strict abidance by all with no exceptions.

Polsky supports the view that the scientific role in research takes precedence over the citizen role in the short run.

Weppner feels that a strict interpretation of the old HEW guidelines would have made street ethnography impossible.