Question 1

Ginger had been victimized by sexual harassment by her co-worker for over six months. She had tried to appease the harasser, attempted to avoid him, but eventually filed an internal complaint. Her form of coping is known as:

Accepted Answer

Externally focused coping involves taking action to address the problem, such as filing a complaint, which Ginger did after trying other methods.

Question 2

Studies found that several conditions are crucial for reducing stereotyping and prejudice. All of the following conditions reduce stereotypes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Increased competition between members of different groups can actually increase stereotypes and prejudice. The other options promote positive intergroup interactions and improve relations between groups.

Question 3

Ben felt that he should have received more money for his efforts and he followed an established procedure to appeal his case to the supervisor, detailing the amount of work done and his contributions to the final product. Ben's ability to participate in the process of reward distribution decisions is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Ben's ability to participate in the appeal process demonstrates the importance of procedural justice, which focuses on the fairness of the procedures used to distribute rewards and allocate resources. This includes the opportunity for individuals to appeal decisions and have their case heard. Distributive justice refers to the fairness of the outcome itself, interpersonal justice relates to fairness in interpersonal treatment, and equal-status contact is a separate concept related to promoting positive interactions across different backgrounds.

Question 4

How people actually think and behave is of utmost importance to psychologists. This is particularly true when considering how fairness is assessed. For example, Francisco worked twice as many hours as Ben did and so Francisco got paid twice what Ben got paid. This type of relationship between contributions to an effort and the obtained rewards refers to:

Accepted Answer

The scenario presented deals with the distribution of rewards based on contributions, making it an example of distributive justice. Procedural justice refers to the fairness of the procedures used to determine outcomes, interpersonal justice refers to the respectful treatment of individuals, and equal-status contact refers to contact between members of different groups at an equal level of status.

Question 5

The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education resulted in _____, which led to a(n) _____, according to a comprehensive review of research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Supreme Court decision in Brown v....

Question 6

Judges that have been appointed by a Democratic president tend to support:

Accepted Answer

Judges appointed by Democratic presidents are generally considered more liberal and tend to support individual rights and protections, which often align with plaintiffs in civil cases.

Question 7

As a result of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), discrimination based on which of the following characteristics is illegal?

Accepted Answer

The ADEA and ADA both prohibit discrimination based on age and disability respectively, and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on national origin. Therefore, all of these characteristics are legally protected against discrimination in employment.

Question 8

There are some practices that result in discrimination but may not look discriminatory at first glance. If a company only hires family members and family friends, it may systematically exclude some racial or ethnic groups inadvertently. This type of situation results in:

Accepted Answer

This situation results in adverse impact, which refers to a practice or policy that may be neutral on its face but has a disproportionate impact on a protected group, in this case, a certain racial or ethnic group.

Question 9

Sexually harassing behaviors may be attributed to a range of motives. According to the text, job type may be a component of how and why harassment occurs. For example, positions considered traditionally held by women may contribute to harassment because they elicit protectiveness and _____. Conversely, for women in jobs historically held by men, the harassment is linked to _____ a female coworker's job performance.

Accepted Answer

Positions traditionally held by women may elicit sexual attention, while harassment in male-dominated jobs is often linked to undermining a female coworker's job performance.

Question 10

Under current law, plaintiffs in sexual harassment cases must prove that _____ occurred and that it produced _____.

Accepted Answer

Under current law, plaintiffs in sexual harassment cases must prove that harm occurred and that it was produced by the sexual harassment. While physical symptoms or emotional distress may be evidence of harm, they are not the legal standard for proving a sexual harassment claim. Posttraumatic stress disorder may also be evidence of harm, but it is not a requirement for proving a sexual harassment claim under current law.

Question 11

A study of hiring found _____. However, when two candidates had similar qualifications, _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A study of hiring found _____. However,...

Question 12

When fostering inter-group cooperation, it is essential to work towards achieving common goals. Goals that are considered important to both groups are referred to as _____ goals.

Accepted Answer

Superordinate goals are goals that are important to both groups and can only be achieved through cooperation between them. By working towards these goals, inter-group cooperation can be fostered as both groups are motivated to work together to achieve a common goal. Equal-status contact refers to interactions between individuals or groups who have equal status or power. Collaborative goals are a type of goal that involves working together to achieve a desired outcome. Norming refers to the stage in group development where group norms and values are established. None of these options fully capture the concept of goals that are important to both groups as a way of fostering inter-group cooperation.

Question 13

Regarding judgments about fairness, we tend, as a group, to feel some level of distress when not getting as much as we think we deserve. Conversely, individuals seldom have any sense of concern when getting more than is deserved. Interestingly though, males and females differ in their applications of principles of fairness. According to the text, when asked to work as long as they think is fair for a set amount of money, women worked _____ than their male counterparts. Women also tend to _____ when dividing the money between themselves and a co-worker.

Accepted Answer

Women tend to work 20-25% longer than their male counterparts for the same amount of money and prefer to divide the money equally between themselves and a co-worker.

Question 14

One of the norms of distributive justice is _____, which is the concept that rewards are to be distributed according to each individual's contributions to the group.

Accepted Answer

Equity is the norm of distributive justice that states rewards should be distributed according to each individual's contributions to the group. The principle of need (A) is a different norm that suggests resources should be allocated according to individuals' needs. Equality (B) is another norm that suggests all individuals should be given an equal share of rewards or resources, regardless of their contributions. Unanimity (C) is not a norm of distributive justice but rather a decision-making rule that requires agreement from all members of a group before a decision is made.

Question 15

A meta-analysis of approximately 70,000 people demonstrated that those who are targets of harassment develop a variety of symptoms. Their problems might include:

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis shows that those who are targets of harassment can develop physical symptoms, emotional distress, and even posttraumatic stress disorder. Therefore, it is possible for all of these to result from sexual harassment.

Question 16

According to the text, personal characteristics of a judge altered the probability of a specific decision in sexual harassment cases by approximately:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, personal characteristics of...

Question 17

When an employer treats some workers less favorably as a result of a personal characteristic, such as race or ethnicity, such behavior constitutes:

Accepted Answer

This behavior constitutes disparate treatment, which is a form of intentional discrimination where an employer treats some employees less favorably because of personal characteristics such as race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or national origin.

Question 18

Reasonable accommodations are required by employers to permit employees to work effectively despite their disabilities. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), reasonable accommodations are required to be made:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C because under the ADA, a reasonable accommodation is required to be made unless it causes undue hardship on the employer. This means that accommodations do not have to be made if they would be too difficult or expensive for the employer to provide. The other choices are incorrect because reasonable accommodations are not required regardless of the situation (A), there is always somebody available to enforce them (B), and there is no special addendum to the ADA for certain disabilities (D).

Question 19

In instances in which employees feel they are being treated unfairly, they generally try to:

Accepted Answer

Employees who feel they are being treated unfairly may engage in behaviors to "get even" as a form of retaliation or to restore a sense of equity, rather than working harder or proving themselves.

Question 20

Research has identified two basic forms of coping for victims of sexual harassment. One form of coping entails a victim blaming herself or trying to ignore the behavior altogether. This type of coping is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has identified two basic forms of...

Quiz 15: Section 2: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Ginger had been victimized by sexual harassment by her co-worker for over six months. She had tried to appease the harasser, attempted to avoid him, but eventually filed an internal complaint. Her form of coping is known as:

Studies found that several conditions are crucial for reducing stereotyping and prejudice. All of the following conditions reduce stereotypes EXCEPT:

The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education resulted in _, which led to a(n) _, according to a comprehensive review of research.

Judges that have been appointed by a Democratic president tend to support:

As a result of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) , discrimination based on which of the following characteristics is illegal?