Question 1

Your niece is 7 months old and you are about to meet her for the first time.You are concerned that she will be afraid of you and want to minimize the chance that meeting you will cause her stranger anxiety.What would you do?
A)Greet her and give her your complete attention as soon as you meet her.
B)Arrange to see her for the first time in an environment that is familiar to her.
C)Meet her in an environment that is unfamiliar to her.
D)Pick her up right away when you meet her.

Accepted Answer

One way to minimize stranger wariness is to meet the infant in a familiar environment.You shouldn't pick the infant up right away or focus too much attention on the infant.

Question 2

Which of the following is most effective way to treat school refusal behavior?
A)Gradually expose the child to fear-provoking school situations.
B)Teach the child techniques for relaxation when confronting fear-provoking situations.
C)Reinforce the child for attending school.
D)All of the above are effective techniques used together for reducing school refusal behavior.

Accepted Answer

School refusal behavior can be treated effectively with a combination of behavioral and cognitive strategies.

Question 3

The ability to recognize others' emotions
A)can be used in social referencing.
B)emerges after the first birthday.
C)is not related to the ability to discriminate different facial expressions.
D)decreases with age.

Accepted Answer

Recognizing others' emotions is a vital component of social referencing because you have to be able to read others' emotions in order to use them as an effective reference.

Question 4

Hezron has experienced basic emotions,such as happiness and anger,but he is unlikely to feel more complex emotions such as guilt,embarrassment,or pride until he
A)has some understanding of the self.
B)experiences a physiological reaction linked to his emotions.
C)displays overt behaviors associated with his subjective feelings.
D)goes through systematic desensitization.

Accepted Answer

Complex emotions are tied to the understanding of self,and usually don't develop until 18-24 months of age.

Question 5

Six-month-old Wendy's mother is happy and smiles and talks to Wendy in a pleasant voice.Based on research reported in your text,you would expect Wendy
A)to be able to distinguish facial expressions associated with different emotions,but not to change her own emotions to match other people's emotions.
B)to be unaware of and unaffected by other people's emotions.
C)to match her emotion to her mother's and therefore be happy.
D)to become distressed.

Accepted Answer

Maybe by 4 months and definitely by 6 months of age,children are able to distinguish facial expressions associated with different emotions and match their emotions to their mothers.

Question 6

One of the first signs of fear in an infant often occurs when
A)infants are in the presence of an unfamiliar adult.
B)infants are picked up by a familiar adult.
C)a stranger talks to other adults instead of picking up the baby.
D)a favorite food or toy is taken away.

Accepted Answer

Stranger wariness is one of the first signs of fear,emerging around 6 months.

Question 7

Stranger wariness is a sign of
A)anger.
B)sadness.
C)fear.
D)happiness.

Accepted Answer

Stranger wariness is one of the first signs of fear,emerging around 6 months.

Question 8

Which fear is likely to occur at the youngest age?
A)fear of strangers
B)fear of the dark
C)fear of imaginary creatures
D)fear of snakes

Accepted Answer

Fear of strangers (stranger wariness)emerges first at about 6 months.

Question 9

Unlike basic emotions,complex emotions
A)do not involve an evaluative component.
B)involve a physiological change.
C)involve a subjective feeling.
D)are triggered by different events in different cultures.

Accepted Answer

Basic emotions are more universal,while complex emotions are more culturally specific.

Question 10

Which of the following statements correctly illustrates the cultural differences in emotional expression for American and Asian children?
A)American elementary-school children are embarrassed by public displays of individual achievement,but show great pride when their entire class is honored for an achievement.
B)Asian elementary-school children often show pride at personal achievement,such as getting the highest grade on a test or being chosen student of the month.
C)In many Asian countries,outward displays of emotions are discouraged in favor of emotional restraint.
D)American preschool children are less like than Chinese preschool children to smile at funny pictures or express disgust after smelling vinegar.

Accepted Answer

In one study,European American 11-month-olds cried and smiled more often than Chinese 11-month-olds.

Question 11

In social referencing
A)an infant has a preference for being with other people,rather than for being alone.
B)infants use their parents' facial expressions to help them interpret unfamiliar situations.
C)deep relaxation is associated with progressively more anxiety-producing situations.
D)an infant has a set of expectations about parents' availability and responsivity.

Accepted Answer

Social referencing occurs when infants use their parents' facial expressions to help them interpret unfamiliar situations.

Question 12

All of the following are correct regarding school refusal behavior EXCEPT
A)sometimes reflects a child's desire to pursue enjoyable activities,such as playing video games,instead of aversive ones,such as doing schoolwork.
B)sometimes reflects a child's desire to avoid school-related situations that are frightening.
C)sometimes reflects an effort to get attention from parents.
D)sometimes reflects an inability to express self-conscious emotions.

Accepted Answer

School refusal behavior has nothing do with the expression of complex emotions.

Question 13

Seven-month-old Lydia looked away and started to fuss when her mother's college roommate,who hadn't visited since Lydia was born,got Lydia up from her nap.Lydia's reaction is most likely the result of
A)social referencing.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)insecure attachment.
D)stranger wariness.

Accepted Answer

Stranger wariness is one of the first signs of fear,emerging around 6 months.Lydia's fussiness is probably a fear response.

Question 14

Complex emotions don't usually emerge until
A)4 to 6 months of age.
B)9 to 12 months of age.
C)18 to 24 months of age.
D)3 to 4 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Complex emotions are tied to the understanding of self,and usually don't development until 18-24 months of age.

Question 15

Who is experiencing a complex emotion?
A)Tim,who is happy
B)Todd,who is embarrassed
C)Ramon,who is disgusted
D)Victor,who is surprised

Accepted Answer

Complex emotions include guilt,pride,and embarrassment,so Todd is experiencing a complex emotion.

Question 16

Stranger wariness
A)emerges a few weeks after birth.
B)provides a natural restraint against the tendency for mobile infants to wander away from familiar caregivers.
C)is greater when infants are in a familiar environment.
D)is not related to the stranger's behavior.

Accepted Answer

Stranger wariness is one of the first signs of fear,emerging around 6 months.It provides a natural restraint against the tendency for mobile infants to wander away from familiar caregivers.

Question 17

When 1-year-old Kim was shown a new toy,she looked at her mother who appeared to be afraid of the toy.Kim became distressed and moved away from the toy.Kim used __________ to regulate her own behavior.
A)an internal working model
B)systematic desensitization
C)social referencing
D)stranger anxiety

Accepted Answer

Social referencing occurs when infants use their parents' facial expressions to help them interpret unfamiliar situations.

Question 18

The first distinct displays of anger typically occur
A)at birth.
B)between 4 and 6 months of age.
C)between 12 and 18 months of age.
D)during the preschool years.

Accepted Answer

Distinct displays of anger typically occur at about 4 to 6 months of age.

Question 19

By __________ of age,infants begin to be able to distinguish facial expressions associated with different emotions.
A)1 month
B)6 months
C)12 months
D)24 months

Accepted Answer

Maybe by 4 months and definitely by 6 months of age,children are able to distinguish facial expressions associated with different emotions.

Question 20

Complex emotions
A)emerge before basic emotions.
B)are universal.
C)involve feelings of success when one's standards or expectations are met and feelings of failure when they aren't.
D)include feelings of happiness,anger,and disgust.

Accepted Answer

Complex emotions emerge after basic emotions;are more culturally specific;include guilt,shame,pride,and embarrassment;and involve an evaluative component.

Quiz 10: Emotional Development

Your niece is 7 months old and you are about to meet her for the first time.You are concerned that she will be afraid of you and want to minimize the chance that meeting you will cause her stranger anxiety.What would you do?

Which of the following is most effective way to treat school refusal behavior?

The ability to recognize others' emotions

Hezron has experienced basic emotions,such as happiness and anger,but he is unlikely to feel more complex emotions such as guilt,embarrassment,or pride until he

Six-month-old Wendy's mother is happy and smiles and talks to Wendy in a pleasant voice.Based on research reported in your text,you would expect Wendy

One of the first signs of fear in an infant often occurs when

Stranger wariness is a sign of

Which fear is likely to occur at the youngest age?

Unlike basic emotions,complex emotions

Which of the following statements correctly illustrates the cultural differences in emotional expression for American and Asian children?

In social referencing

All of the following are correct regarding school refusal behavior EXCEPT

Seven-month-old Lydia looked away and started to fuss when her mother's college roommate,who hadn't visited since Lydia was born,got Lydia up from her nap.Lydia's reaction is most likely the result of

Complex emotions don't usually emerge until

Who is experiencing a complex emotion?

Stranger wariness

When 1-year-old Kim was shown a new toy,she looked at her mother who appeared to be afraid of the toy.Kim became distressed and moved away from the toy.Kim used __________ to regulate her own behavior.

The first distinct displays of anger typically occur

By __________ of age,infants begin to be able to distinguish facial expressions associated with different emotions.

Complex emotions