Question 1

To help open the airway of a conscious adult with complete airway obstruction, what would you do?

Accepted Answer

For adults and children, the procedure for health care providers for clearing a foreign body is the abdominal thrust.

Question 2

During single-rescuer adult CPR, what is the proper ratio of compressions to ventilation?

Accepted Answer

When performing CPR alone, the lay rescuer must remember to give only 30 compressions for adults, children, and infants until an automatic external defibrillator arrives.

Question 3

What is the best way to increase CPR survival rates in the field?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the survival rates are highest when immediate bystander CPR is provided and defibrillation occurs within 5 min after sudden cardiac arrest.

Question 4

During properly performed external chest compression on infants, how should the middle and index fingers be positioned?

Accepted Answer

For infants, the correct technique for performing external chest compressions involves placing the middle and index fingers just below the nipple line in the center of the chest. This positioning ensures effective compression of the heart between the sternum and the spine.

Question 5

After successful resuscitation, the heart rate of neonate being ventilated with 100% O₂ drops to 50/min. What should you do now?

Accepted Answer

Chest compressions are indicated if the neonate's heart rate falls below 60 beats/min despite adequate ventilation with 100% O₂ for 30 sec.

Question 6

During CPR, how can you judge if ventilation is effective?

Accepted Answer

Ventilation can be evaluated by observing visible chest rise and fall of the victim's chest during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Question 7

What is the proper ratio of external chest compressions to ventilation for a newborn?

Accepted Answer

After every third compression, the neonate should receive a breath of 100% O₂, coordinated with compressions to avoid simultaneous delivery.

Question 8

The automatic external defibrillator will indicate that a shock is needed if it detects which of the following rhythms?
1) Bradycardia
2) Atrial fibrillation
3) Ventricular fibrillation
4) Ventricular tachycardia

Accepted Answer

The automatic external defibrillator will indicate that a shock is needed if it detects ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia, which are life-threatening rhythms. It will not indicate the need for a shock for bradycardia or atrial fibrillation.

Question 9

During properly performed external chest compression on infants, how much should the sternum be compressed?

Accepted Answer

Compress the sternum approximately 01.5 in (4 cm) at a rate of at least 100/min.

Question 10

During properly performed external chest compression on children under 8 years old or on large toddlers, how much should the sternum be compressed?

Accepted Answer

Compress the chest approximately 2 in (5 cm) at a rate of 100/min.

Question 11

During single-rescuer CPR applied to infants or children, what is the proper ratio of compressions to ventilation?

Accepted Answer

When performing CPR alone, the rescuer must remember to give 30 compressions to two breaths for adults, children, and infants until an automatic external defibrillator arrives.

Question 12

What is the proper rate of external chest compressions for infants?

Accepted Answer

Compress the sternum approximately 01.5 in at a rate of at least 100/min.

Question 13

After successive abdominal thrusts, the patient becomes unconscious and the airway still appears obstructed. What is the next appropriate action?

Accepted Answer

If the adult victim with foreign body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, the rescuer should move the patient to the ground, activate EMS, and begin CPR.

Question 14

Which of the following are major hazards associated with abdominal thrusts?
1) Rupture of abdominal viscera
2) Laceration of abdominal viscera
3) Rupture of thoracic viscera
4) Increased intracranial pressure

Accepted Answer

Abdominal thrusts, while effective in relieving choking, can be forceful enough to cause internal injuries, including the rupture and laceration of abdominal organs (1 and 2) and even the rupture of thoracic organs due to the upward pressure (3). Increased intracranial pressure (4) is not typically associated with abdominal thrusts.

Question 15

What is the major complication associated with manual removal of foreign material from the airway?

Accepted Answer

Manual removal of foreign body airway obstruction from the upper airway also can be hazardous because of the possibility of forcing the object deeper into the airway.

Question 16

What is the proper rate of external chest compressions for children up to puberty?

Accepted Answer

Compress the chest approximately 2 in (5 cm) at a rate of 100/min.

Question 17

During two-person CPR applied to an adult, what is the proper ratio of compressions to ventilation?

Accepted Answer

For the adult and child, the compression/ventilation ratio is the same as for the single rescuer (30:2).

Question 18

Which of the following are legitimate reasons for discontinuing basic life-support measures?
1) If spontaneous breathing and a palpable pulse return
2) If a physician pronounces the arrest victim dead
3) If advanced life-support measures become available

Accepted Answer

1) If spontaneous breathing and a palpable pulse return2) If a physician pronounces the arrest victim dead3) If advanced life-support measures become available

Question 19

How long will the apneic patient take to die without intervention?

Accepted Answer

The pulseless, apneic patient will die within 4 to 6 min without intervention.

Question 20

What is the best way to avoid gastric distention during artificial ventilation?

Accepted Answer

The best way to avoid gastric inflation during bag-mask ventilation is to deliver breaths with low to moderate.

Quiz 37: Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support