Only humans have the mental ability to develop the cognitive expectation that their behavior will have no effect on the environment. Thus, only humans can develop learned helplessness.

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

This statement is not entirely accurate. While humans may have a greater capacity for developing learned helplessness due to our ability to conceptualize cause-and-effect relationships, other animals can also exhibit learned helplessness under certain conditions. For example, studies have shown that dogs, rats, and even fish can develop learned helplessness in response to repeated exposure to uncontrollable negative stimuli.

Only Humans Have the Mental Ability to Develop the Cognitive