Question 1

According to conflict theory, the only consistently adaptive decision?making pattern in the face of health risks is

Accepted Answer

According to conflict theory, vigilant coping is the only consistently adaptive decision-making pattern in the face of health risks. This involves actively seeking out information, taking steps to manage and reduce the risk, and engaging in health-promoting behaviors. Hypervigilance can lead to anxiety and excessive worry, while defensive avoidance may result in ignoring or denying the risk. Unconflicted change may not always be possible or necessary in the face of health risks.

Question 2

According to the text, which of the following would significantly increase health in diverse populations?

Accepted Answer

All three options listed - reducing poverty, creating information approaches for low literacy populations, and making health-promotion services culturally sensitive - have been shown to significantly improve health outcomes in diverse populations. Poverty is a leading cause of poor health, so reducing poverty will have a direct impact on health. Creating information approaches for low literacy populations ensures that all individuals have access to health education and resources. Making health-promotion services culturally sensitive helps to address disparities in care and ensures that diverse populations receive care that is respectful of their unique cultural beliefs and practices.

Question 3

Which of the following health?related cognitions or behaviours is less likely in older adults than in younger adults?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following health?related cognitions or...

Question 4

Which of the following has been referred to as "nature's vaccine"?

Accepted Answer

Breast milk contains antibodies that help protect infants from various illnesses and infections. It is often referred to as "nature's vaccine" because of its ability to boost the baby's immune system and provide necessary nutrients.

Question 5

The leading cause of death during childhood and adolescence is

Accepted Answer

Accidents, such as car accidents, drowning, falls, and burns, are the leading cause of death for children and adolescents.

Question 6

Carol believes it unlikely that she could contract a sexually transmitted disease from her new boyfriend because he's so nice to her.Carol's reliance on irrelevant information in making sexual health decisions is a form of

Accepted Answer

Carol's reliance on her boyfriend's niceness is an example of motivated reasoning - she is motivated to believe that he is unlikely to transmit an STD because it aligns with her desire to believe in his positive qualities. This is a common cognitive bias that can impact decision making in various contexts.

Question 7

Using fear-arousing messages can be most effective under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Fear-arousing messages are most effective when the seriousness of the health problem is emphasized and when combined with messages that indicate people can perform healthful behaviors. When combined with gain-framed messages, the effectiveness of the fear-arousing messages can be further enhanced. Therefore, both option A and option B are correct, making option D the correct answer.

Question 8

Overall, evidence on the effectiveness of community-based wellness programs suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Overall, evidence on the effectiveness of community-based...

Question 9

A common approach in mass?media health promotion campaigns includes

Accepted Answer

Communication of negative consequences of unhealthy behaviors is a common strategy in mass media health promotion campaigns, aiming to encourage individuals to avoid such behaviors by highlighting their potential harmful effects.

Question 10

Research on social class, ethnicity, and health shows

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that there are health disparities based on social class and ethnicity. In Canada, there is a higher incidence of disease in First Nations citizens compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians. Option A is incorrect because social class is related to health status. Option C is incorrect because lower social classes may have less access to health education and resources, leading to less knowledge of risk factors for disease.

Question 11

Conflict theory emphasizes the impact of ___________ on all major decisions.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory emphasizes the impact of stress on all major decisions, focusing on how stress and competition for scarce resources influence behavior and social order.

Question 12

Health goals during gestation and infancy tend to include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Health goals during gestation and infancy tend...

Question 13

Lisa is upset with herself because she's just eaten a piece of chocolate cake and thinks she's completely "blown" her diet plan. She decides that she just isn't cut out for diets and eats the rest of the cake.This is an example of _____ (if Lisa believed she shouldn't eat any cake at all while on her diet).

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of the abstinence-violation effect, where an individual perceives a small slip or mistake in their behavior (like eating a piece of cake when on a diet) as a major violation, leading to an all-or-nothing response (eating the rest of the cake). This cognitive distortion makes it hard for individuals to maintain moderation and can derail efforts at behavior change.

Question 14

Daryl has been drinking and finds himself in a situation where he can have sex with someone he just met at a bar.Which of the following predicts if he will engage in sexual actions with this virtual stranger?

Accepted Answer

All three factors mentioned in the options can contribute to predicting whether Daryl will engage in sexual actions with the stranger he met at the bar. If he has friends who have had sex under similar circumstances, he may be more likely to do the same as peer influence can be a strong motivator. If he thinks having sex will increase how sexually attractive he is to others, he may be more likely to engage in sexual actions to boost his self-esteem. Finally, if he has engaged in similar behavior before, it may suggest a pattern of behavior and a higher likelihood of engaging in it again.

Question 15

Which of the following factors influence the effectiveness of reinforcers for increasing health behaviours?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors influence the...

Question 16

In Canada, death rates for accidents

Accepted Answer

Death rates for accidents rise sharply during the teenage years due to factors such as increased mobility, risky behaviors, and in some cases, the beginning of driving, which can lead to a higher incidence of motor vehicle accidents.

Question 17

Which of the following psychological variables has recently been shown to play an important role in whether or not people adopt recommended health precautions during a disease outbreak?

Accepted Answer

Empathy has been identified as a significant psychological factor influencing individuals' willingness to follow recommended health precautions during a disease outbreak. People who can empathize with others are more likely to adhere to guidelines designed to protect not just themselves but also others from disease transmission.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a feature of motivational interviewing?

Accepted Answer

Self-management is not a feature of motivational interviewing. The other options - decisional balance and personalized feedback - are two of the core features of motivational interviewing.

Question 19

According to the textbook, worksite health programs

Accepted Answer

The textbook mentions that worksite health programs take advantage of peer and employer support for motivational purposes, are cost effective for both businesses and employees, and can create environmental support to foster behaviour change. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 20

Research on gender and health has shown that women

Accepted Answer

Research on gender and health consistently shows that women tend to live longer than men. This is attributed to various factors including biological differences, lifestyle choices and social factors such as risk-taking behavior. However, women do not have fewer health problems than men and may face unique health challenges like reproductive and sexual health issues. Studies also show that men tend to engage in more physical exercise than women and women tend to use medical services more often than men.

Quiz 6: Health-Related Beahviour and Health Promotion