Question 1

A patient was admitted to the hospital with chest pains.On admission,his pulse was 110 and blood pressure was 96/64.According to his history,his normal pulse rate is usually between 80 and 88 and his blood pressure runs from 120/70 to 130/80.Explain why these changes in BP and HR occur.

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Question 2

A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker to prevent angina (chest pain),by decreasing the demand for oxygen.Explain why.

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Question 3

A 55-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with heart failure.He complains of increasing shortness of breath on exertion and needing to sleep on three pillows at night.On physical assessment,the nurse determines that his ankles and feet are very swollen.Which of these symptoms reflect left-sided heart failure and which reflect right-sided heart failure?

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Question 4

An older woman complains of shortness of breath and intermittent fainting spells.Her doctor runs various tests and finds that the atrioventricular (AV)node is not functioning properly.What is the suggested treatment?

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Question 5

Asystole is the total absence of ventricular electrical activity.Explain why defibrillation would not be effective in this situation.

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Question 6

A 14-year-old girl undergoing a physical examination prior to being admitted to summer camp was found to have a loud diastolic murmur at the second intercostal space to the left side of the sternum.Explain the reason for the loud heart murmur associated with this girl's condition.

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Question 7

A patient takes a nitroglycerin tablet sublingually for chest pain.Nitroglycerin acts directly on smooth muscle,producing relaxation and vessel dilation.How would this relieve chest pain?

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Quiz 18: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart