Question 1

Lipids (either nutrients or hormones)are insoluble in water but are found traveling in the plasma of the blood.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are transported in the blood by binding to soluble plasma transport proteins such as albumin or lipoproteins. This allows them to be carried through the aqueous environment of the plasma.

Question 2

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

Fetal hemoglobin binds preferentially to oxygen compared to adult hemoglobin due to differences in the amino acid sequence and structure of the hemoglobin molecules. This helps the fetus extract oxygen from maternal blood in the placenta.

Question 3

Loss of fibrinogen within the plasma would most likely cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen is a key protein required for blood clotting. Without fibrinogen, blood will not clot properly, leading to a loss of blood clotting ability.

Question 4

With a patient that is administered an injection of erythropoietin (EPO)you would expect to see ________.

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates the production of red blood cells, which leads to an increase in hematocrit. It does not affect white blood cell count, so options A and D are incorrect. Option B, decreased hematocrit, is also incorrect as EPO would have the opposite effect.

Question 5

A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because ________.

Accepted Answer

When a recipient receives blood that is not compatible with their blood type, preformed antibodies in their blood will recognize the foreign blood cells as invaders and attack them. This can lead to the clumping (agglutination) of the donated cells, which can result in blockages in blood vessels and potentially life-threatening complications.

Question 6

Diabetes can cause a condition called nephrotic syndrome in which a person will suffer a loss of osmotic pressure with fluid from the plasma leaving blood vessels causing Edema (swelling).Which of the following is likely the cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the abnormal excretion of large amounts of protein, particularly albumin, into the urine. This results in a decrease in the osmotic pressure of the blood, leading to fluid accumulation and swelling. A loss of intrinsic factor or hypoxia-inducible factor via the urine or an increase in EPO production by the kidneys are not related to nephrotic syndrome.

Question 7

Higher viscosity of blood will increase the amount of stress placed on the heart while it is pumping.Viscosity of blood is highest when ________.

Accepted Answer

Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume. Higher hematocrit levels indicate a higher viscosity of blood. Therefore, when hematocrit is highest, blood viscosity is also highest, which places more stress on the heart while pumping. Hemoglobin levels, plasma levels, and HbA1C levels do not directly affect blood viscosity.

Question 8

Which of the following would provide no benefit to a person suffering any one of the various types of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Supplemental bilirubin injection would not provide any benefit to a person suffering from any type of anemia. Bilirubin is a waste product of red blood cells and has no role in treating anemia. The other options (A, C, and D) could provide benefits depending on the specific type and severity of anemia.

Question 9

People that have a single allele (gene copy)for sickle cell anemia are typically not sick from the disease and are said to be carriers of sickle cell trait.These people will more often live in the malaria belt of sub-Saharan Africa.The most likely explanation for this is ________.

Accepted Answer

People with sickle cell trait have a better chance of surviving malaria. It is thought that the sickle-shaped red blood cells of carriers are able to prevent the malaria parasite from thriving within the blood cells, providing some level of protection against the disease. This provides a selective advantage for individuals who carry the sickle cell trait in areas where malaria is endemic, such as sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 10

All lymphocytes are leukocytes,but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Lymphocytes are a type of leukocyte (white blood cell), but leukocytes include other types of cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes.

Question 11

Which of the following would you expect to have the least effect on hematocrit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged or excessive fever would have the least effect on hematocrit percentage compared to the other options. Living at higher altitudes, dehydration, and injection with erythropoietin (EPO) all directly affect the volume or production of red blood cells, thereby significantly impacting hematocrit levels. Fever may cause slight fluctuations due to changes in hydration status, but its impact is generally less direct and significant.

Question 12

If you centrifuge (spin)whole blood,you will find the red blood cells (erythrocytes)at the bottom of the tube and white blood cells atop them.This implies that ________.

Accepted Answer

The fact that red blood cells are found at the bottom of the tube (after centrifugation) and white blood cells atop them, indicates that red blood cells have a greater density than white blood cells. This is due to the fact that the centrifugal force separates the components of the blood sample based on their relative densities, with the more dense components (such as red blood cells) moving toward the bottom of the tube. Since white blood cells are less dense than red blood cells, they appear at the top of the tube. The size or number of the cells is not related to their relative positions after centrifugation.

Question 13

With a patient administered an injection of colony stimulating factor (CSF)you would expect to see ________.

Accepted Answer

Colony stimulating factor (CSF) is a hormone that stimulates the production of white blood cells. Thus, administering it would lead to an increased white blood cell count. It would not affect red blood cell count.

Question 14

A person with an extremely high count of neutrophils is likely suffering ________.

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight against bacterial infections. An extremely high count of neutrophils, also known as neutrophilia, is often a sign of a bacterial infection.

Question 15

Which of the following plasma components is most likely to rise in concentration during an acute infection?

Accepted Answer

Gamma globulins, also known as immunoglobulins, are antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection. Therefore, during an acute infection, the concentration of gamma globulins in the plasma is likely to increase. Fibrinogen is a clotting factor and its concentration may rise in response to injury or inflammation, but not necessarily in response to an infection. Platelets are also involved in clotting but are not a plasma component per se. Albumin is a protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of the plasma and its concentration may change in certain medical conditions, but it is not directly related to an infection.

Question 16

Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types.

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are indeed phagocytic and have the highest abundance among all types of white blood cells.

Question 17

A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or type O blood.

Accepted Answer

People with type B blood have B antigens on their red blood cells and can receive blood from donors with B antigens (type B) or donors without A or B antigens (type O).

Question 18

Myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of lymphocytes.

Accepted Answer

Myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of myeloid cells, which are a type of white blood cell that includes red blood cells, platelets, and other immune system cells, not lymphocytes.

Question 19

Leukocytes move through the circulatory system by amoeboid motion.

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes move through the circulatory system primarily by being carried along with the flow of blood, not by amoeboid motion. Amoeboid motion is used by leukocytes to move through tissues after exiting the bloodstream.

Question 20

A person exhibiting suppression of immunity,clotting disorder as well as low oxygen carrying capacity is likely suffering which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Aplastic anemia is characterized by suppression of immunity, clotting disorders, and low oxygen carrying capacity due to a decrease in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the body. Pernicious anemia is a type of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia that affects the absorption of vitamin B12 and can cause nerve damage. Hemorrhagic anemia is caused by blood loss, while iron deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the diet.

Quiz 17: Blood

Lipids (either nutrients or hormones) are insoluble in water but are found traveling in the plasma of the blood.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this?