Question 1

Infographic 24.7

-Which of the following is conveyed by Infographic 24.7?

Accepted Answer

The infographic conveys that global emissions in 2009 were 38.3% higher than 1990 levels, which is choice C. The other statements are not supported by the infographic.

Question 2

Prior to the 1987 Montréal Protocol, there existed some uncertainty in the scientific community as to the magnitude of ozone depletion caused by CFCs in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, the Protocol did recommend phasing out CFCs from refrigerants and other uses because the potential consequences of not doing so were so severe. This is an example of applying the _______________ principle.

Accepted Answer

The Precautionary principle recommends taking preventative action in situations where there is uncertainty about the potential harm that could be caused, and this principle was applied in the Montréal Protocol by phasing out CFCs even in the face of uncertain scientific evidence about their impact on the ozone layer.

Question 3

What is the precautionary principle? How can it be used to shape policy regarding the recent changes in global climate attributed to human activity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the precautionary principle? How can...

Question 4

The findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which influence various international policies regarding climate change, are based on scientific data and observation.

Accepted Answer

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's findings are based on scientific data and observation.

Question 5

Describe several characteristics of an effective policy at the international level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe several characteristics of an effective policy...

Question 6

Which country listed below rejected the Kyoto Protocol and did not ratify it?

Accepted Answer

The United States rejected the Kyoto Protocol and did not ratify it.

Question 7

As president of a country that relies significantly on income from whaling, you are concerned about declining whale populations. Several other countries are considered whaling countries. What can be done to help ensure sustainable whaling into the future?

Accepted Answer

The answer of As president of a country that relies...

Question 8

The _______________ was the first international effort to set reduction targets for greenhouse gas emissions by developed countries.

Accepted Answer

The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, was the first international agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that set legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries.

Question 9

The _______________ is an international group of scientists and government representatives that reviews and evaluates all published research on climate and summarizes it into comprehensive periodic reports.

Accepted Answer

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a group of scientists and government representatives from around the world that reviews and evaluates all published research on climate and summarizes it into comprehensive periodic reports. The IPCC was established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The other answer choices are not specific to this role or are not international groups.

Question 10

Which of the following is an unintended consequence of the Clean Development Mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The Clean Development Mechanism incentivizes the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but some critics argue that it creates a perverse incentive to overproduce emissions in order to earn credits for destroying them. This unintended consequence is known as "perverse incentives" or "hot air."

Question 11

What did Stanford University law student Michael Wara discover about the effectiveness of the cap-and-trade program on reducing greenhouse gas emissions? What explanation did he propose for this surprising result?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Stanford University law student Michael...

Question 12

All of the following are gases regulated by Kyoto EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Ozone is not one of the greenhouse gases regulated by the Kyoto Protocol. The gases regulated by Kyoto are carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

Question 13

The _____________________ is a UN program that allows a country with a commitment to greenhouse gas reduction to implement emission-reduction projects in developing countries.

Accepted Answer

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a program under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that allows developed countries with a commitment to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions to implement emission-reduction projects in developing countries. The CDM allows developed countries to earn Certified Emission Reduction (CER) credits, also known as carbon credits, which can be traded or sold, helping them to meet their emission-reduction targets.

Question 14

What was the Kyoto Protocol, and how was compliance enforced?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the Kyoto Protocol, and how...

Question 15

In 1992, the ___________________ formally recognized climate change as an emerging problem and recommended that precautions be taken to prevent human actions from further damaging Earth's climate system.

Accepted Answer

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) formally recognized climate change as an emerging problem in 1992 and recommended that precautions be taken to prevent human actions from further damaging Earth's climate system. The Kyoto Protocol, Montréal Protocol, Stockholm Convention, and Copenhagen Climate Conference are all international agreements and conferences related to environmental issues, but they are not specifically focused on climate change recognition and prevention.

Question 16

The flawed Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) program could have been improved by:

Accepted Answer

Incorporating more flexibility or fail-safe options could have addressed some of the flaws in the CDM program, such as issues with additionality and the potential for double-counting emissions reductions. This could have allowed for more effective monitoring and better assurance of real emissions reductions. Options could include improved project design or adjustments to baseline calculations to better reflect actual emissions levels.

Question 17

In which international agreement is climate change formally recognized as a problem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which international agreement is climate change...

Question 18

Which international effort saw agreement that global temperatures should not exceed 2°C above preindustrial temperatures and agreed to include developing countries in future target pledges?

Accepted Answer

The 2010 Cancun Agreements (UNFCCC) saw agreement that global temperatures should not exceed 2°C above preindustrial temperatures and agreed to include developing countries in future target pledges.

Question 19

Why did the United States decline to ratify the Kyoto Protocol?

Accepted Answer

The United States declined to ratify the Kyoto Protocol primarily because it did not require developing countries, including major emitters like China and India, to have binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Question 20

Infographic 24.6

-Which of the following aspects of international policy is(are) illustrated by Infographic 24.6?

Accepted Answer

All of these aspects are illustrated in Infographic 24.6. The process of international policy is shown to be slow and incremental, with many meetings, negotiations, and votes required. Specific targets are identified, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and science helps to inform policy decisions.

Quiz 24: Urbanization- the Ghetto Goes Green: in the Bronx, Building a Better Backyard

Infographic 24.7 -Which of the following is conveyed by Infographic 24.7?