Question 1

Using a within-subjects ANOVA design,
A)  Participants are each observed one time
B)n participants are observed k times
C)different participants are observed in each group
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Within-subjects ANOVA design involves observing the same participants multiple times, hence the correct answer is participants are observed k times. Option A is incorrect because participants are observed multiple times. Option C is incorrect because the same participants are observed in each group, not different participants.

Question 2

A researcher observed the mating behavior of 10 porpoises in five different social conditions.What are the degrees of freedom between-groups for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
A)4
B)9
C)27
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Accepted Answer

The formula for calculating the degrees of freedom between-groups in a one-way within-subjects ANOVA is k-1, where k is the number of groups or conditions. In this case, there are 5 conditions, so the degrees of freedom between-groups would be 5-1=4.

Question 3

How many sources of error are present in a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Accepted Answer

There are two sources of error in a one-way within-subjects ANOVA: error due to individual differences between participants and error due to random measurement error. Therefore, the best choice is C, which indicates that there are two sources of error present in this type of analysis.

Question 4

Computing a one-way within-subjects ANOVA is appropriate when
A)different participants are assigned to each group
B)the same participants are observed across groups
C)the levels of one or more independent variables are manipulated
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

A within-subjects ANOVA is appropriate when the same participants are observed across groups, allowing for comparisons within each participant's data. Different participants being assigned to each group would be a between-subjects design. The manipulation of independent variables is not a defining feature of a within-subjects ANOVA.

Question 5

Which source of variation is computed using a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,but not a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?
A)between-groups variation
B)within-groups variation
C)between-persons variation
D)error variation

Accepted Answer

Between-persons variation is unique to within-subjects designs (also known as repeated measures ANOVA) because it accounts for the variability among individual participants that is not present in between-subjects designs, where each participant is only in one group.

Question 6

A researcher records depression scores for 12 patients in each of four seasons.If depression scores for the same participants are recorded in each season,then what type of statistical design is most appropriate for this study?
A)a related samples t-test
B)a one-way between-subjects ANOVA
C)a one-way within-subjects ANOVA
D)both A and C

Accepted Answer

A one-way within-subjects ANOVA is appropriate for this study because it involves measuring the same group of participants in all four seasons. This allows for comparisons to be made within individuals over time, which is the focus of the study. A related samples t-test is not appropriate because it only compares two sets of scores and does not account for the repeated measures aspect of the study. A one-way between-subjects ANOVA is also not appropriate because it involves comparing different groups of participants, rather than measuring the same participants over time.

Question 7

A researcher observes the same participants in each of five different settings.Which source of variation is the variability attributed to observing the same participants in all five settings?
A)between-groups variability
B)within-groups variability
C)between-persons variability
D)error variability

Accepted Answer

Between-persons variability refers to the differences in responses or behaviors that can be attributed to the individual differences among participants, which is relevant when the same participants are observed across different settings.

Question 8

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 4 and n = 20.What are the degrees of freedom error for this test?
A)57
B)79
C)80
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Accepted Answer

The degrees of freedom error in a one-way within-subjects ANOVA is calculated as (n - 1) * (k - 1), where n is the number of subjects and k is the number of conditions. Here, (20 - 1) * (4 - 1) = 57.

Question 9

A researcher measures the time it takes eight participants to complete three successive tasks.What are the degrees of freedom between-persons for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
A)2
B)7
C)14
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Accepted Answer

The formula for calculating degrees of freedom between-persons in a one-way within-subjects ANOVA is (N-1). Since there are 8 participants in this study, the degrees of freedom between-persons would be (8-1), which equals 7. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Question 10

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA using a sample of 8 participants.If the degrees of freedom error is 14,then how many groups were included in this study?
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Accepted Answer

In a one-way within-subjects ANOVA, the degrees of freedom error is calculated as (n-1) x (k-1), where n is the number of participants and k is the number of groups. In this case, n = 8 and df error = 14, so (8-1) x (k-1) = 14. Solving for k, we get k = 3. Therefore, there were 3 groups included in this study.

Question 11

The source of variation that is associated with differences between groups in a study is called
A)between-groups variability
B)within-groups variability
C)between-persons variability
D)error variability

Accepted Answer

Between-groups variability refers to the differences between the groups being compared in a study. This can be contrasted with within-groups variability, which refers to the variation within each group. Between-persons variability and error variability are related concepts but do not specifically refer to differences between groups in a study.

Question 12

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 3 and n = 10.What is the critical value for this test at a .05 level of significance?
A)3.16
B)5.48
C)4.41
D)3.55

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA...

Question 13

A researcher conducts two studies.In Study 1,she recorded the amount consumed (in calories)among 8 participants observed at three meal times (breakfast,lunch,and dinner).In Study 2,she conducted the same study,except that n = 12 participants observed at each of three meal times.Which study is associated with a larger value for degrees of freedom between-groups for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
A)Study 1
B)Study 2
C)The degrees of freedom between-groups are the same in each study.
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Accepted Answer

The degrees of freedom between-groups for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA depend on the number of groups (meal times) and not on the number of participants. Since both studies have the same number of meal times (3), the degrees of freedom between-groups are the same.

Question 14

A researcher recorded the shooting percentage of 28 professional basketball players in each of four quarters in a game.What are the degrees of freedom error for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
A)3
B)27
C)81
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Accepted Answer

The degrees of freedom error for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA is calculated as (number of subjects - 1) * (number of conditions - 1). Here, it is (28 - 1) * (4 - 1) = 81.

Question 15

The term "within-subjects" refers to
A)observing the same participants in each group
B)observing different participants in each group
C)the type of post hoc test conducted
D)the type of effect size estimate measured

Accepted Answer

"Within-subjects" refers to using the same group of participants across different conditions or treatments to measure changes within the individuals themselves. This is in contrast to "between-subjects" designs where different groups of participants are used. Therefore, observing the same participants in each group is the best choice.

Question 16

Which of the following is a source of variation that is measured using the one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
A)between-groups variation
B)within-groups variation
C)between-persons variation
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a source...

Question 17

Which of the following is an assumption for computing a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?
A)The population being sampled from is positively skewed.
B)Different participants were observed in each group.
C)Independent observations were made within groups,but not between groups.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

One-way within-subjects ANOVA assumes that the observations within each group are not independent, but the observations between groups are independent. Therefore, the correct assumption is that independent observations were made within groups but not between groups. A is incorrect because the population distribution does not affect the assumption for this test. B is incorrect because within-subjects ANOVA involves observing the same participants in each group, and the assumption is that the observations are not independent within each group.

Question 18

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA for a study in which participants are observed across five groups.If the degrees of freedom error is 56,then how many participants were observed in this study?
A)4
B)14
C)15
D)55

Accepted Answer

To determine the number of participants, we need to add the degrees of freedom error to the total degrees of freedom. The total degrees of freedom equals the number of groups minus 1, or 5-1=4, multiplied by the number of participants. Thus, the total degrees of freedom equal 4xN, where N is the number of participants. Adding the degrees of freedom error (56) to the total degrees of freedom (4xN) gives us: 56=4xN+4-1. Solving for N, we get N=15. Therefore, there were 15 participants observed in this study.

Question 19

A researcher measures anxiety levels among participants in the presence and absence of a fearful stimulus.If the same participants are observed in each group,then what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?
A)a related samples t-test
B)a one-way between-subjects ANOVA
C)a one-way within-subjects ANOVA
D)both A and C

Accepted Answer

The study involves the same participants being observed under two different conditions (presence and absence of a fearful stimulus), which makes it a repeated measures design. Both a related samples t-test and a one-way within-subjects ANOVA are appropriate for analyzing such data.

Question 20

"Within-subjects" is also called
A)Between-subjects
B)Within-groups
C)Repeated measures
D)Random sampling

Accepted Answer

Within-subjects is another term for repeated measures design, where each participant is measured multiple times under different conditions or treatments. The other options do not describe this type of design.

Quiz 13: Analysis of Variance: One-Way Within-Subjects Repeated Measures Design

Using a within-subjects ANOVA design,

A researcher observed the mating behavior of 10 porpoises in five different social conditions.What are the degrees of freedom between-groups for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

How many sources of error are present in a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

Computing a one-way within-subjects ANOVA is appropriate when

Which source of variation is computed using a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,but not a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

A researcher records depression scores for 12 patients in each of four seasons.If depression scores for the same participants are recorded in each season,then what type of statistical design is most appropriate for this study?

A researcher observes the same participants in each of five different settings.Which source of variation is the variability attributed to observing the same participants in all five settings?

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 4 and n = 20.What are the degrees of freedom error for this test?

A researcher measures the time it takes eight participants to complete three successive tasks.What are the degrees of freedom between-persons for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA using a sample of 8 participants.If the degrees of freedom error is 14,then how many groups were included in this study?

The source of variation that is associated with differences between groups in a study is called

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 3 and n = 10.What is the critical value for this test at a .05 level of significance?

A researcher recorded the shooting percentage of 28 professional basketball players in each of four quarters in a game.What are the degrees of freedom error for a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

The term "within-subjects" refers to

Which of the following is a source of variation that is measured using the one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

Which of the following is an assumption for computing a one-way within-subjects ANOVA?

A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA for a study in which participants are observed across five groups.If the degrees of freedom error is 56,then how many participants were observed in this study?

A researcher measures anxiety levels among participants in the presence and absence of a fearful stimulus.If the same participants are observed in each group,then what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?

"Within-subjects" is also called