Question 1

A man known as H.M.lost the ability to form new memories after an operation removed portions of his ____________.
A)cortex and medulla
B)cerebellum and pons
C)hippocampus
D)hypothalamus and thalamus

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in forming and consolidating memories, particularly new declarative memories - those related to facts and events. HM's surgery, which involved removing portions of his temporal lobes, including the hippocampus, resulted in him being unable to form new memories.

Question 2

A patient's chart indicates he just had surgery to remove his hippocampus as a result of a tumor.What change do you anticipate in the patient after the operation?
A)The patient will not be able to process colors.
B)The patient will have problems experiencing hunger.
C)The patient will not be able to remember new information.
D)The patient will not be able to perform tasks such as block designs.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a key structure in the brain involved in the formation of new memories. Removal of the hippocampus results in difficulty in creating new memories, a condition known as anterograde amnesia. The other options listed are not directly associated with the function of the hippocampus.

Question 3

In the famous case of H.M.,after having part of his brain removed,he could no longer __________.
A)pay attention to specific stimuli
B)retrieve memories
C)form new memories
D)make sense of memories

Accepted Answer

H.M. had part of his hippocampus removed, which is an important region for the formation of new memories. As a result, he could no longer form new memories. While he could retrieve memories from before the surgery, he could not form any new ones.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)All memories are stored in one place in the brain.
B)Memories are randomly distributed throughout the brain.
C)Different parts of the brain are specialized for the storage of memories.
D)Almost all memories are primarily stored in the brain stem.

Accepted Answer

Different parts of the brain are known to be specialized for different types of memory and different stages of memory processing. For example, the hippocampus is crucial for the formation and consolidation of episodic memories, while the cerebellum is important for the formation of procedural memories. Overall, memory storage is distributed throughout the brain in a specialized manner.

Question 5

____________ appears to be responsible for the storage of new long-term memories.If it is removed,the ability to store anything new is completely lost.
A)The cerebellum
B)The prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex
C)The hippocampus
D)The amygdala

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus, located in the temporal lobes of the cortex, appears to be responsible for the storage of new long-term memories. If it is removed, the ability to store anything new is completely lost. The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination, the prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making and working memory, and the amygdala is involved in emotions and memory processing, but none of them are responsible for the storage of new long-term memories.

Question 6

____________ is the tendency for older or previously learned material to interfere with the retrieval of newer,more recently learned material.
A)Cue-dependent forgetting
B)Proactive interference
C)Decay
D)Retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information inhibits the ability to remember new information, leading to forgetting. This is in contrast to retroactive interference, which is when new information interferes with the retrieval of older information. Cue-dependent forgetting refers to the inability to retrieve information in the absence of appropriate cues, while decay refers to the fading of memory over time.

Question 7

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her history test,all she can remember is French! Shalissa's memory is suffering from ____________.
A)cue-dependent forgetting
B)proactive interference
C)decay
D)retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when old information interferes with the ability to remember new information. In this case, Shalissa's studying of French before studying history caused proactive interference, where the old information (French) interferes with her ability to remember new information (history).

Question 8

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her French test,all she can remember is history! Shalissa's memory is suffering from ____________.
A)cue-dependent forgetting
B)proactive interference
C)decay
D)retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to recall old information. In this case, studying history after French caused Shalissa to have trouble recalling her French lessons.

Question 9

Short-term memories appear to be localized in the ______________.
A)occipital lobe
B)cingulate gyrus
C)amygdala
D)prefrontal lobes

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are primarily processed and stored in the prefrontal lobes, specifically in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This area is responsible for working memory, which allows us to hold information temporarily in our minds for immediate use.

Question 10

Decay theory works well to explain forgetting in ____________.
A)sensory memory only
B)short-term memory only
C)long-term memory only
D)sensory memory and short-term memory

Accepted Answer

Decay theory suggests that memory fades due to the mere passage of time. It is most applicable to sensory memory and short-term memory, where information can fade quickly if not actively maintained or rehearsed. Long-term memories are considered to be more stable and less susceptible to decay over time.

Question 11

When newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information,this is called _____________.
A)cue-dependent forgetting
B)proactive interference
C)decay
D)retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference is when newly learned information interferes with the retrieval of older information. This can happen when the new information is similar to the old information, making it harder to distinguish between the two. Cue-dependent forgetting, on the other hand, is when a lack of retrieval cues makes it difficult to remember information that was previously learned, while proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retrieval of newer information. Decay, finally, is the loss of information over time due to disuse.

Question 12

Jessica took psychology in the fall semester and is now taking sociology.Several of the concepts are similar,and Jessica finds that she sometimes has trouble recalling some of the major psychological theorists.She keeps getting them confused with sociological theorists.Jessica's problem is most likely due to ______________.
A)decoding failure
B)retroactive interference
C)proactive interference
D)Toronto syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jessica took psychology in the fall semester...

Question 13

Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the _____________.
A)cerebellum
B)prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala

Accepted Answer

Procedural memories, which are memories for skills and habits, are believed to be stored in the cerebellum. This part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movement and motor skills.

Question 14

Proactive interference as used in the study of memory refers to when ___________.
A)older information already in memory interferes with the retrieval of newer information
B)newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information
C)information is not attended to and fails to be encoded
D)information that is not accessed decays from the storage system over time

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously stored information disrupts the retrieval of more recently stored information. This interference goes in only one direction - from old to new memory.

Question 15

Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the _____________.
A)cerebellum
B)prefrontal lobes of the cortex
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are stored in the prefrontal lobes of the cortex, which are responsible for working memory and attention. The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination, the hippocampus is more involved in long-term memory formation and recall, and the amygdala is responsible for emotional processing and memories associated with strong emotional events.

Question 16

Retroactive interference as used in the study of memory refers to when___________.
A)older information already in memory interferes with the retrieval of newer information
B)newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information
C)information is not attended to and fails to be encoded
D)information that is not accessed decays from the storage system over time

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when newly learned information interferes with the retrieval of older information. This interference can make it difficult to recall previously learned information, as the newer information may disrupt or overshadow the older information in memory.

Question 17

H.M.,a famous amnesiac,gave researchers solid information that the ____________ was important in storing new long-term memories.
A)hippocampus
B)amygdala
C)frontal lobes
D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

H.M. had parts of his hippocampus removed to treat severe epilepsy, which resulted in the inability to form new long-term memories. This provided researchers with evidence that the hippocampus is important in this process.

Question 18

You start out using Firefox,then change to Explorer because your company demands that browsers be Microsoft products.If you have trouble with Explorer,it is most likely due to _____________.
A)proactive interference
B)retroactive interference
C)anterograde interference
D)consolidation problems

Accepted Answer

The answer of You start out using Firefox,then change to...

Question 19

Imagine that the first car you learned to drive was a manual transmission with a clutch,but the car you drive now is an automatic.Sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there.This example illustrates _________.
A)retroactive interference
B)proactive interference
C)retrograde amnesia
D)anterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates proactive interference, where old memories interfere with the recall of new memories. In this case, the habit of reaching for a clutch (old memory) interferes with the operation of an automatic car (new memory).

Question 20

Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to _____________.
A)interference from other information
B)decay or disuse
C)encoding failure
D)constructive processing

Accepted Answer

Interference from other information is the most likely cause of forgetting in long-term memory. This is because when new information is learned, it can interfere with the retrieval of old information.

Quiz 5: Memory

A man known as H.M.lost the ability to form new memories after an operation removed portions of his ____________.

A patient's chart indicates he just had surgery to remove his hippocampus as a result of a tumor.What change do you anticipate in the patient after the operation?

In the famous case of H.M.,after having part of his brain removed,he could no longer __________.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

____________ appears to be responsible for the storage of new long-term memories.If it is removed,the ability to store anything new is completely lost.

____________ is the tendency for older or previously learned material to interfere with the retrieval of newer,more recently learned material.

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her history test,all she can remember is French! Shalissa's memory is suffering from ____________.

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her French test,all she can remember is history! Shalissa's memory is suffering from ____________.

Short-term memories appear to be localized in the ______________.

Decay theory works well to explain forgetting in ____________.

When newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information,this is called _____________.

Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the _____________.

Proactive interference as used in the study of memory refers to when ___________.

Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the _____________.

Retroactive interference as used in the study of memory refers to when___________.

H.M.,a famous amnesiac,gave researchers solid information that the ____________ was important in storing new long-term memories.

You start out using Firefox,then change to Explorer because your company demands that browsers be Microsoft products.If you have trouble with Explorer,it is most likely due to _____________.

Imagine that the first car you learned to drive was a manual transmission with a clutch,but the car you drive now is an automatic.Sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there.This example illustrates _________.

Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to _____________.