Question 1

In arousal theory,people are said to have a (an)___________ level of tension.
A)ultimate
B)lower
C)optimal
D)high

Accepted Answer

In arousal theory, the optimal level of tension is the ideal level of arousal for an individual to perform a certain task effectively. This level of arousal varies from person to person depending on their personality, mood, and the complexity of the task. If the level of arousal is too high or too low, it can lead to poor performance. Therefore, the best answer is C, optimal level of tension.

Question 2

One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives ___________.
A)are inherited
B)exist inside a narrow collection of internal stimuli
C)exist independently of any need or level of arousal
D)only work for adults

Accepted Answer

Incentives are external stimuli that exist independently of any need or level of arousal. They are used to motivate individuals to engage in certain behaviors or achieve certain goals.

Question 3

Jack,compared to most other people,appears to need a high level of arousal.He enjoys potentially life-threatening hobbies such as sky diving,swimming with sharks,and bungee jumping from bridges.Jack is likely to be a __________.
A)show off
B)mentally unstable
C)sensation seeker
D)unhealthy

Accepted Answer

Jack's behavior suggests that he is a sensation seeker, meaning he seeks out activities that provide a high level of stimulation and arousal. This does not necessarily make him mentally unstable or unhealthy, but it may indicate a preference for risky behaviors. It is unclear if he is a show off based on this information.

Question 4

Little 2-year-old Dennis is always getting into things.He climbs up trees,jumps into lakes,and explores strange boxes.According to research,Dennis would be considered ______________.
A)low approach motivated
B)high approach motivated
C)moderate approach motivated
D)no approach motivated

Accepted Answer

The behavior of Dennis suggests that he has a high approach motivation, which means he is driven to seek out and approach positive stimuli or rewards. He is constantly exploring new things and taking risks, which indicates high approach motivation.

Question 5

Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on predictions made by the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
A)task instructions
B)gender of person doing the task
C)age of person doing the task
D)difficulty of task

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson Law suggests that there is an optimal level of arousal for best performance on a task, and that performance will suffer if arousal levels are either too low or too high. This means that the difficulty of the task, and how it affects arousal levels (i.e. whether it makes them too low or too high), is the factor most likely to have an effect on predictions made by the Yerkes-Dodson Law. Task instructions, gender, and age may also have an impact on arousal levels, but the difficulty of the task is the most directly related to the Law's predictions.

Question 6

Which of the following examples best represents the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
A)Bill has a bad test score because he did not study.
B)Dan plays his best games when they mean the most to the team and his arousal is moderately high.
C)Mary buys a new car.
D)Toni watches TV all night.

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson Law suggests that performance is best at an intermediate level of arousal. In this example, Dan performs his best when his arousal level is moderately high during important games. The other options have nothing to do with the Yerkes-Dodson Law.

Question 7

Jerry gets a great deal of fulfillment out of visiting the new art exhibits at the museum in town.He usually visits each exhibit several times during a show and finds beauty in a variety of different types of art works.Jerry is likely to visit the new exhibits in an effort to meet a(n)_____________ need.
A)freedom
B)belonging
C)power
D)aesthetic

Accepted Answer

Jerry's enjoyment of visiting art exhibits suggests that he is seeking to fulfill his aesthetic needs, which involve a desire for beauty and appreciation of art, music, and other creative expressions.

Question 8

Jill is motivated by money and the things money will bring her.Jack is motivated by a belief in the importance of doing good things,and his incentives are based on that belief.Which theory incorporates both these types of motivational causes?
A)sensation-seeking theory
B)entity theory
C)increment theory
D)expectancy-value theory

Accepted Answer

The expectancy-value theory incorporates both the motivation for tangible rewards, such as money, and intrinsic motivation based on beliefs and values. It suggests that individuals are motivated by a combination of their expectations for success and the value they place on the outcome. Therefore, both Jill's and Jack's motivations can be explained by this theory.

Question 9

Things that attract or lure people to action are _____________.
A)instincts
B)incentives
C)stimuli
D)bait

Accepted Answer

Incentives are rewards or benefits that attract people towards taking action. Instincts refer to natural behaviors or tendencies, stimuli are triggers that elicit responses, and bait is typically used in the context of luring animals. Therefore, incentives best fit the description of something that attracts or lures people to action.

Question 10

The Yerkes-Dodson Law says _____________.
A)performance is affected by levels of physical arousal
B)the more money you make the better your job will be
C)nausea from bad food causes a reluctance to eat that food again
D)performance on tests is better in the morning

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson Law suggests that performance is best at a moderate level of physiological arousal. Too much or too little arousal can decrease performance.

Question 11

Michael has trained very long hours in order to qualify for the Olympics in diving.He has sacrificed a great deal,putting his education on hold and spending a lot of time away from his wife and two small children.To Michael,qualifying for the Olympics is a(n)__________.
A)instinctual drive
B)incentive
C)innate goal
D)optimum goal

Accepted Answer

Michael's motivation to train and sacrifice for the Olympics is driven by the incentive of qualifying for the competition.

Question 12

According to Maslow,the motive of self-actualization makes one want _________.
A)to fulfill one's inborn potential
B)to have frequent contact with others
C)to possess as many material goods as possible
D)to convince others of one's true worth

Accepted Answer

Maslow believed that the ultimate human motive is self-actualization, which involves fulfilling one's inborn potential and achieving personal growth and fulfillment. It is not about possessing material goods, convincing others of one's self-worth, or simply having frequent contact with others.

Question 13

Although Kim just ate a huge meal and feels "stuffed," the idea of a chocolate sundae is too good to pass up,so she orders one.Which motivational term explains the appeal of the sundae?
A)incentive
B)instinctive
C)drive reduction
D)cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

The appeal of the sundae is an incentive because it is something that Kim wants and is motivated by, despite feeling full from her previous meal.

Question 14

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,which of the following needs is a higher order need than cognitive needs?
A)belongingness needs
B)esteem needs
C)aesthetic needs
D)physiological needs

Accepted Answer

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, aesthetic needs are a higher order need than cognitive needs. Cognitive needs are considered a part of the self-actualization level, while aesthetic needs are a part of the transcendence level. Aesthetic needs refer to the desire for beauty, order, and symmetry in one's environment and experiences, which is a higher level of psychological development than the desire for knowledge and understanding.

Question 15

Bill has felt isolated and an "outsider" since coming to college for his freshman year.As a result,he decided to rush a fraternity and was very excited when he was selected to pledge.According to Maslow,Bill may be attempting to meet the need of _______________.
A)freedom
B)belonging
C)transcendence
D)physiology

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes a need for love and belonging, which Bill may be attempting to fulfill by joining a fraternity and finding a sense of community and acceptance.

Question 16

Jenna skipped dinner last night to stay up late studying for her final exam.She went to bed at 6 am and had to be at class by 8 am.Her alarm clock did not go off as scheduled,and she raced out the door without eating.As a result,she was very distracted by hunger pangs and lack of energy while taking the test.She later learned that she failed her exam.Jenna could have likely performed better on her final if she had met a ______________ need before the final.
A)freedom
B)belonging
C)transcendence
D)physiological

Accepted Answer

Jenna's lack of energy and hunger pangs indicate that her physiological need for food was not met before the exam. This need should have been met for her to perform well on the test.

Question 17

Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S.Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?
A)safety
B)self-esteem
C)belongingness
D)self-actualization

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Army's slogan "Be all that you can be" emphasizes self-actualization, which is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy. Self-actualization refers to individuals reaching their full potential and achieving their highest level of personal fulfillment.

Question 18

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy,which needs must be met first?
A)esteem
B)safety
C)physiological
D)belongingness and love

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy, physiological needs such as food, water, shelter, and health must be met before all other needs. These are the basic necessities for survival and take priority over other needs. Once these needs are met, an individual can move up to the next level of the hierarchy.

Question 19

Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors.Dr.Jones would be described as ___________ in arousal theory.
A)foolhardy
B)a person high in nPow
C)a sensation seeker
D)a person high in nAff

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory proposes that people seek stimulation and excitement to reach an optimal level of arousal. Indiana Jones as a character fits the description of a sensation seeker, as he constantly puts himself in dangerous and thrilling situations in search of artifacts.

Question 20

According to Abraham Maslow,developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in ___________.
A)safety
B)self-esteem
C)belongingness
D)self-actualization

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest level of human motivation, in which individuals strive towards reaching their full potential and achieving personal growth, creativity, and fulfillment. Therefore, developing one's potential to its fullest extent leads to self-actualization. Safety, self-esteem, and belongingness are all lower-level needs in Maslow's hierarchy, which must be fulfilled before an individual can focus on self-actualization.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion

In arousal theory,people are said to have a (an) ___________ level of tension.

One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives ___________.

Jack,compared to most other people,appears to need a high level of arousal.He enjoys potentially life-threatening hobbies such as sky diving,swimming with sharks,and bungee jumping from bridges.Jack is likely to be a __________.

Little 2-year-old Dennis is always getting into things.He climbs up trees,jumps into lakes,and explores strange boxes.According to research,Dennis would be considered ______________.

Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on predictions made by the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

Which of the following examples best represents the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

Jill is motivated by money and the things money will bring her.Jack is motivated by a belief in the importance of doing good things,and his incentives are based on that belief.Which theory incorporates both these types of motivational causes?

Things that attract or lure people to action are _____________.

The Yerkes-Dodson Law says _____________.

Michael has trained very long hours in order to qualify for the Olympics in diving.He has sacrificed a great deal,putting his education on hold and spending a lot of time away from his wife and two small children.To Michael,qualifying for the Olympics is a(n) __________.

According to Maslow,the motive of self-actualization makes one want _________.

Although Kim just ate a huge meal and feels "stuffed," the idea of a chocolate sundae is too good to pass up,so she orders one.Which motivational term explains the appeal of the sundae?

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,which of the following needs is a higher order need than cognitive needs?

Bill has felt isolated and an "outsider" since coming to college for his freshman year.As a result,he decided to rush a fraternity and was very excited when he was selected to pledge.According to Maslow,Bill may be attempting to meet the need of _______________.

Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S.Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy,which needs must be met first?

Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors.Dr.Jones would be described as ___________ in arousal theory.

According to Abraham Maslow,developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in ___________.