Question 1

When an individual can speak three or more languages fluently,they are ____.

Accepted Answer

The term "multilingual" refers to the ability to speak three or more languages fluently. Bilingual refers to the ability to speak two languages fluently, while dilingual and linguistic are not commonly used terms in this context. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 2

Assume that you have a friend who is bilingual and is contemplating whether or not to teach her child both English and Spanish.Based on the research,which of the following should be your response?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that bilingualism has positive impacts on cognitive development and academic achievement. While syntax may be a challenge, exposing children to a second language earlier rather than later is recommended. Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest that being bilingual would negatively impact a child's grades in school.

Question 3

Which of the following is the most common second language for children around the world?

Accepted Answer

English is the most common second language for children around the world, due to its widespread use in business, education, and media. Many countries also include English language instruction in their education systems, further contributing to its popularity as a second language.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the primary school attendance rate of children in school for developing nations?

Accepted Answer

According to a UNESCO report, as of 2018, about 1/5 of school-aged children in developing nations do not attend primary school. This means that there is still a significant number of children who are not able to access basic education in these countries.

Question 5

You are very interested in how computers work.You spend a lot of time reading articles online and watching online videos about how computers work.You even sometimes tinker and take apart computers and put them back together so that you can understand them better.Your brother notices that your teachers and parents always comment on your hobby and decides to start learning about computer too,since he would like to get the same praise you receive.Your brother is ___ to learn about computers,but you are ___ to learn about them.

Accepted Answer

Your brother is motivated by external rewards (praise), which is extrinsic motivation, while you are motivated by personal interest and satisfaction, which is intrinsic motivation.

Question 6

Overall,in developing countries,approximately what percentage of children do not attend primary school?

Accepted Answer

As of my last update in 2023, approximately 18% of children in developing countries do not attend primary school. This figure reflects the challenges and disparities in access to education in these regions.

Question 7

A child who can speak two languages is considered ____,whereas a child who can speak more than two is considered ____.

Accepted Answer

A child who can speak two languages is considered bilingual, whereas a child who can speak more than two is considered multilingual. Option B is incorrect as trilingual refers to a person who can speak three languages, and polylingual is not a commonly used term. Option C is incorrect as unilingual means being able to speak only one language, and quadralingual is not a commonly used term. Option D is incorrect as monolingual refers to a person who can speak only one language, and Dyslingual refers to having a difficulty in learning one's mother tongue or primary language.

Question 8

Attending primary school has become nearly universal for children in middle childhood.According to your textbook,for children in developing countries such as Guatemala,this transition to a school-oriented daily life in middle childhood ___.

Accepted Answer

In developing countries like Guatemala, the transition to a school-oriented daily life in middle childhood has occurred quickly, reflecting a global trend towards universal primary education.

Question 9

For the most part,becoming bilingual is ____ to language development,and learning a secondary language ____ with mastering the primary language.

Accepted Answer

Becoming bilingual is favorable to language development as it enhances cognitive abilities and provides numerous cultural and professional advantages. Learning a secondary language does not interfere with mastering the primary language but rather improves it by increasing language awareness and enhancing communication skills.

Question 10

Which of the following are two main reasons why bilingualism has increased?

Accepted Answer

Greater migration and the growth of a global economy have led to an increase in bilingualism as people need to communicate in multiple languages for work and daily life.

Question 11

It may seem typical that most children attend at least primary school,but that has only been true for the last ____ years.

Accepted Answer

The idea of mandatory primary schooling for all children has only been in place for the last 200 years. Prior to that, education was often reserved for the wealthy or religious elite.

Question 12

According to the text,which country has a cultural tradition emphasizing the importance and value of education going back over 2 millennia?

Accepted Answer

Japan has a cultural tradition emphasizing the importance and value of education going back over 2 millennia.

Question 13

Which of the following best reflects collectivistic cultural beliefs in education?

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic cultural beliefs value cooperation, collaboration and interdependence, so working in groups and helping others learn is highly valued. The emphasis is on the group's success rather than individual achievement, which is emphasized in option B and D. Option C reflects individualistic cultural beliefs, which value self-reliance, competition, and individual success.

Question 14

In many Asian countries,it is believed that educational success is derived mainly from ____; in contrast,American culture tends to believe that educational success is due mainly to ____.

Accepted Answer

Many Asian cultures believe that success is earned through hard work and dedication, while American culture often emphasizes innate intelligence or ability as the main factor for educational success. This cultural difference can be seen in the way that students are often praised in Asia for their diligence and hard work, while in America, students may be praised for their natural intelligence or talents.

Question 15

Enrollment in primary school is typical,but not universal,with approximately _____ of children in Sub-Saharan Africa attending between 6-10 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Enrollment rates in primary schools in Sub-Saharan Africa are around 80%, reflecting significant efforts to improve access to education, though challenges remain in achieving universal attendance.

Question 16

Doing something because it is internally rewarding is referred to as ___.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation refers to doing something for the inherent satisfaction or pleasure that comes from the activity itself, rather than for any external rewards or incentives.

Question 17

Recently,several cross-national studies of academic performance found that academic performance in fourth grade is related mainly to ___ rather than ___.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recently,several cross-national studies of academic performance found...

Question 18

In the United States,the school year is ______ that of South Korea and China.

Accepted Answer

The school year in the United States is typically around 180 days, which is significantly shorter than in South Korea and China, where the school year can be over 220 days.

Question 19

____ are an awareness of the underlying structure of language.

Accepted Answer

Metalinguistic skills refer to the ability to think and understand language as a system, including its rules, structure, and functions. This includes skills such as being able to identify and reflect on grammar, syntax, and semantics.

Question 20

Recently,there has been a _____ in the number of children in developing countries attending primary school across the world.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "Recently, there has been a" suggests that this is a current trend. The blank is filled with "sharp increase," which indicates there has been a significant and sudden rise in the number of children attending primary schools in developing countries.

Quiz 7: Middle Childhood