Question 1

Which of the following is the best example of an open skill?
A)performing an ice skating routine
B)catching a baseball
C)synchronized swimmers performing their routine
D)following a recipe to bake a cake

Accepted Answer

Catching a baseball is an open skill because it requires the performer to adapt to the changing environment and make quick decisions.

Question 2

Which of the following is true regarding expert performance?
A)Compared with chess masters,amateur chess players move their eyes more rapidly to focus on a small number of locations on the board.
B)Amateur chess players focus more on empty squares than chess masters do.
C)Compared with inexperienced soccer players,expert players are more likely to watch the player who has the ball.
D)Expert basketball players are good at predicting the outcome of a shot based on the movements of the player who has the ball before he releases his shot.

Accepted Answer

Expert basketball players use their experience to predict the outcome of a shot based on the movements of the player who has the ball before he releases his shot. This is a result of their extensive practice and familiarity with the game. None of the other options are true regarding expert performance.

Question 3

An expert is someone who:
A)is able to master a skill with very little effort.
B)has a natural ability to perform a skill.
C)combines natural ability with lots of practice to perfect a skill.
D)performs a skill better than most people.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called ______,while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _____.
A)closed skills;open skills
B)open skills;cognitive skills
C)perceptual-motor skills;cognitive skills
D)perceptual-motor skills;open skills

Accepted Answer

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called perceptual-motor skills, while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called cognitive skills. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive skill?
A)running up the stairs
B)buttoning your coat
C)organizing your class schedule
D)opening a door

Accepted Answer

Cognitive skills are related to mental processes such as thinking, perception, memory, and problem-solving. Organizing a class schedule requires cognitive skills as it involves planning, decision making, and memory recall. Running up the stairs, buttoning a coat, and opening a door are physical skills that require motor skills and not cognitive skills.

Question 6

Which of the following is the best example of a closed skill?
A)playing tennis
B)driving a car
C)playing a video game
D)playing a particular piece on the piano

Accepted Answer

Playing a particular piece on the piano is the best example of a closed skill as it involves repeating a set of pre-determined motor movements in a fixed sequence with a consistent timing and rhythm. The performer has complete control over the movements and the environment is predictable, making it a closed skill. In contrast, tennis, driving a car, and playing a video game are examples of open skills as they require adaptation to changing environmental conditions and opponent's actions.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the power law of learning?
A)It cannot be overcome.
B)It is different for cognitive skills than for perceptual-motor skills.
C)It is different for different species.
D)It is the same for most skills.

Accepted Answer

The power law of learning is a universal law that states that the time it takes to complete a task decreases as the task is repeated. This law applies to most skills regardless of whether they are cognitive or perceptual-motor in nature, and it is the same across different species. While experts may approach a plateau in their performance, indicating a slowing of improvement, this does not negate the overall validity of the power law of learning.

Question 8

Skill memories:
A)can only be retrieved with conscious awareness.
B)are considered to be declarative memories.
C)are improved by repeated experiences.
D)can be communicated to others easily in many different ways.

Accepted Answer

Skill memories, also known as procedural memories, are improved through practice and repeated experiences. This type of memory involves learning how to perform tasks and is typically acquired and used without conscious awareness.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a perceptual-motor skill?
A)remembering material for an exam
B)managing your time
C)skiing
D)solving a puzzle

Accepted Answer

Perceptual-motor skills involve the ability to coordinate movement with perception and sensory input. Skiing requires coordination of movements with balance and feedback from visual and kinesthetic senses. The other options do not necessarily involve movement or coordination.

Question 10

Research on twins' performance on the rotary pursuit task has shown that,as training progressed:
A)identical twins' performance became more dissimilar.
B)fraternal twins' performance became more dissimilar.
C)fraternal twins' performance became more similar.
D)identical twins' performance did not change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on twins' performance on the rotary...

Question 11

The Tower of Hanoi puzzle is used for studying how we learn:
A)open skills.
B)closed skills.
C)cognitive skills.
D)perceptual-motor skills.

Accepted Answer

The Tower of Hanoi puzzle involves cognitive skills, as it requires problem-solving, planning, and strategy. It does not relate to perceptual-motor skills or open/closed skills, as it does not involve physical movement or environmental variables.

Question 12

Suppose a child is learning to swim.If we measure how long it takes him to swim from one end of the pool to the other each day,we will typically find that his speed will:
A)increase rapidly over the first several days,and then increase more slowly on subsequent days.
B)increase gradually from day to day.
C)increase slowly over the first several days,and then increase more rapidly on subsequent days.
D)remain the same for the first several days,and then increase rather suddenly.

Accepted Answer

When learning a new skill, initial improvements are often rapid as the child becomes familiar with the basic techniques, followed by slower progress as they refine their skills.

Question 13

Laboratory research on perceptual-motor skills usually focuses on ____ because ____.
A)simple skills;they can control the relevant variables more precisely
B)complex skills;they can control the relevant variables more precisely
C)simple skills;complex skills are uninteresting to psychologists
D)complex skills;simple skills are uninteresting to psychologists

Accepted Answer

Laboratory research on perceptual-motor skills usually focuses on simple skills because they can control the relevant variables more precisely, compared to complex skills. This allows researchers to make more accurate conclusions about the relationship between the variables being studied.

Question 14

A skill is a(n):
A)ability to perform a task that has been honed through learning..
B)fact that you can learn through repeated exposure.
C)event you can remember from your childhood.
D)ability that is innate,such as a reflex.

Accepted Answer

A skill is a learned ability, acquired through practice or education, that can be applied in specific situations. It is not innate like a reflex, nor is it purely acquired through repetition like a fact.

Question 15

Researchers studying expertise sometimes focus on the abilities of professionals (athletes,chess masters,etc. )because:
A)the researchers have a great deal of control over the environmental variables affecting such people.
B)thee performance of professionals is usually easy to quantify.
C)these areas only require cognitive skills,which are the most interesting to researchers.
D)professionals all have roughly the same level of expertise,which eliminates variability in the data.

Accepted Answer

Professionals' performance is usually easy to quantify, making it easier for researchers to measure their expertise. This allows for more objective measurements and comparisons between individuals.

Question 16

Which of the following demonstrates that non-human animals can learn cognitive skills?
A)Chimpanzees in the wild have learned how to use stones to crack nuts.
B)Dolphins can learn to repeat whatever action they had performed most recently when instructed to do so by a trainer.
C)In the lab,experimenters have taught primates and other animals to use various tools.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

All of the options demonstrate that non-human animals can learn cognitive skills. Chimpanzees using stones to crack nuts requires problem-solving skills, dolphins repeating actions demonstrate a form of memory and imitation, and teaching primates and other animals to use tools showcases their ability to learn and apply new skills.

Question 17

Dara is practicing a new gymnastic routine.Her practice will be MOST effective if she:
A)practices many times a day.
B)is given feedback about her performance.
C)visualizes the routine in her mind before performing her new routine.
D)blocks out all other distractions.

Accepted Answer

Feedback is crucial for learning and improving skills, as it helps individuals understand what adjustments need to be made to enhance their performance.

Question 18

Which of the following is the best example of a skill memory? A)remembering the name of the first president of the United States B)knowing how to tie your shoe C)remembering who attended your 16^th-birthday party D)knowing what foods you like to eat

Accepted Answer

Skill memory refers to the ability to perform automatic actions and behaviors without conscious thought. Knowing how to tie your shoes is a prime example of skill memory.

Question 19

The results of studies on twins' performance on the rotary pursuit task suggest that practice:
A)decreases the effects of prior experience.
B)increases the effects of prior experience.
C)decreases the effects of genetic influences.
D)has no impact on the effects of genetic influences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The results of studies on twins' performance...

Question 20

Research on talent and expertise suggests that:
A)practice alone determines who will become an expert.
B)it is easy to determine how much practice an individual will need in order to become an expert.
C)people need to born with talent in order to become experts.
D)the total amount of practice is an important variable in determining whether a person will become an expert.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that while natural talent may play a role, the total amount of deliberate practice is a critical factor in developing expertise in various fields. This means that individuals who dedicate significant time and effort toward deliberate practice are more likely to become experts, regardless of any innate talent they may have. It is not easy to determine how much practice an individual will need as this can vary depending on the field and the individual's starting level of skill.

Quiz 8: Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Which of the following is the best example of an open skill?

Which of the following is true regarding expert performance?

An expert is someone who:

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called __,while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _.

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive skill?

Which of the following is the best example of a closed skill?

Which of the following is true regarding the power law of learning?

Skill memories:

Which of the following is an example of a perceptual-motor skill?

Research on twins' performance on the rotary pursuit task has shown that,as training progressed:

The Tower of Hanoi puzzle is used for studying how we learn:

Suppose a child is learning to swim.If we measure how long it takes him to swim from one end of the pool to the other each day,we will typically find that his speed will:

Laboratory research on perceptual-motor skills usually focuses on because .

A skill is a(n) :

Researchers studying expertise sometimes focus on the abilities of professionals (athletes,chess masters,etc. ) because:

Which of the following demonstrates that non-human animals can learn cognitive skills?

Dara is practicing a new gymnastic routine.Her practice will be MOST effective if she:

Which of the following is the best example of a skill memory?

The results of studies on twins' performance on the rotary pursuit task suggest that practice:

Research on talent and expertise suggests that: