Quiz 37: Investor Protection,insider Trading, Corp Gov

The least common forms of securities are bonds issued by corporations.

A registration statement must include a financial statement certified by an independent public accounting firm.

A free-writing prospectus may be used before the Securities and Exchange Commission completes its review of a related registration statement.

A registration statement must state how a corporation plans to use the proceeds from the sale of the securities.

Before filing a registration statement,an issuer must attempt to sell,or at least offer to sell,the securities.

Sales of securities must occur within twenty days of registration.

A corporation whose security does not qualify for an exemption can avoid the cost and complexity associated with registration.

Generally,stock offerings that involve a small dollar amount are not exempt from the registration requirement.

Generally,stock offerings that are made in a limited manner during any twelve-month period are not exempt from the registration requirement.

Securities of charitable organizations are exempt from the registration requirement of the 1933 Securities Act.

Private offerings of securities in unlimited amounts can never be exempt from the registration requirement of the Securities Act of 1933.

Most securities can be resold without registration.

Securities that are exempt from the registration requirement can generally be sold and resold without being registered.

Willful violations of the Securities Act of 1933 may be subject to criminal prosecution.

Against a charge of a violation of the Securities Act of 1933,only an issuer of stock can assert the due diligence defense.

Private parties cannot sue violators of the Securities Act of 1933.

Any corporation with more than $10 million in assets and five hundred or more shareholders must register their securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Section 10(b)of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 covers only corporate officers and directors.

SEC Rule 10b-5 applies in relatively few cases involving the trading of securities.

The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 provides for continuous,periodic disclosures by publicly held corporations.

SEC Rule 10b-5 prohibits the commission of fraud in connection with the purchase or sale of any security

The key to liability under Section 10(b)of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5 is whether undisclosed inside information is material.

Buying or selling securities on the basis of nonpublic information is illegal only if the profit from the transaction is unreasonable.

"Forward-looking" financial forecasts are prohibited under SEC Rule 10b-5.

Only outsiders who would ordinarily be deemed fiduciaries of the corporations in whose stock they trade can be liable for insider trading.

A corporation can recapture any profits realized by an insider on any purchase or sale of the firm's stock within any twelve-month period.

Violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 may be subject to criminal prosecution.

Private parties cannot sue violators of Section 10(b)and Rule 10b-5.

"Blue sky laws" are state securities laws.

State securities laws apply only to interstate transactions.

Generally,states have antifraud patterned after federal securities law.

Corporate governance can be defined as the relationship between a corporation and its shareholders.

Willful violations of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 may be subject to criminal prosecution.

Corporations' chief executive officers are directly accountable for the accuracy of financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Pumping up a company occurs when a single person using multiple aliases on an online forum creates the illusion of widespread interest in a stock.

Cotton Products Corporation is a public company whose shares are traded in the public securities markets.The Securities Act of 1933 requires Cotton to disclose financial and other significant information concerning its securities in order to A)increase corporate accountability by imposing responsibility on chief corporate executives. B)prevent insiders from trading among themselves. C)protect investors. D)provide a "safe harbor" for companies that make forward-looking statements.

Frothy Beverage Corporation is a public company whose shares are traded in the public securities markets.Under the Securities Act of 1933,Frothy is required to A)contribute to the operations of national stock exchanges. B)disclose financial and other information about its securities. C)engage in market surveillance to deter undesirable practices. D)solicit proxies for voting.

RingTone Corporation is a public company whose securities are traded among investors.Under the Securities Act of 1933,a security is A)almost any stake in the ownership or debt of a company. B)an investment that is guaranteed to make a profit. C)only such common forms of debt and equity as bonds and stocks. D)whatever a company represents to the public as a security.

Readmore Bookstore Corporation files a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission and provides a prospectus describing the securities to investors.These items are intended to provide sufficient information so that the financial risks involved can be evaluated by A)market professionals to explain to all investors. B)government regulators to disclose to the general public. C)sophisticated investors only. D)unsophisticated investors.

Bild-It-Rite Corporation is a public company that is preparing to issue securities that do not qualify for an exemption from registration.This means that Bild-It-Rite must A)file a registration statement with the SEC. B)issue the securities through an online registration site. C)refrain from issuing the securities to unregistered investors. D)register the securities with a national stock exchange.

Begin Anew Enterprise,Inc.,completes its registration process and issues a free-writing prospectus.This tells prospective investors A)about investing freely. B)how to write their own prospectus. C)that they can "freely write their own ticket" to buy Begin's securities. D)that they may obtain the prospectus at the SEC's Web site.

Mit-E Clean Corporation wants to make an offering of securities to the public.This offering is not exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933.Before the firm sells its securities,it must provide investors with A)a forward-looking financial forecast. B)an investment contract. C)a prospectus. D)a road show.

Celfone Corporation is required to file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission.This statement must contain A)a copy of prospectuses to be provided to investors. B)a description of securities being offered for sale. C)a record of pre-registration sales in securities. D)a sample of advertising to be used to attract investments in Celfone.

Flo-Thru Corporation is poised to issue securities that,under the Securities Act of 1933,are "exempt." This means that the securities can be sold A)on the basis of a material omission or misrepresentation. B)on the basis of nonpublic information. C)within any six-month period by certain insiders. D)without being registered.

Kitsch Niche Corporation is a noninvestment company that wants to issue $3 million of stock in a twelve-month period.Kitsch Niche,with less than $20 million in annual sales,qualifies as a small business issuer.Before Kitsch Niche sells the stock,it must provide investors with A)an offering circular. B)a notice of the issue. C)a red herring prospectus. D)a tombstone ad.

Fresh Goods, Inc., wants to make an initial public offering of securi¬ties. Fresh believes that it qualifies for an exemption under Regulation A from the full registration requirement of the federal Securities Act of 1933. -Refer to Fact Pattern 37-1.Fresh decides to sell its new securities via the Internet.This offering A)will avoid the payment of commissions to brokers or underwriters. B)is an investment scam. C)is a Ponzi scheme. D)constitutes insider trading.

Fresh Goods, Inc., wants to make an initial public offering of securi¬ties. Fresh believes that it qualifies for an exemption under Regulation A from the full registration requirement of the federal Securities Act of 1933. -Refer to Fact Pattern 37-1.If Fresh is exempt from the federal registration requirement,Fresh is A)automatically exempt from any state registration requirement. B)not subject to any state securities laws. C)not necessarily exempt under a state registration requirement. D)automatically subject to all state registration requirements.

To raise $12 million to expand operations,Star Corporation makes a stock offering directly to sixty accredited investors and twenty sophisticated,but unaccredited investors.Star plans to notify the SEC of sales.Under the Securities Act of 1933,this issue may qualify as an "exempt" transaction A)as is. B)if all of the investors are also given certain material information. C)if the offering is also made available to the general public. D)under no circumstances.

Hobie,the chief executive officer of Ideal Gamers,Inc.(IGI),intentionally understates the amount of IGI's debts in information provided to investors as part of an issue of IGI stock.Jaq buys the stock and suffers a loss.Hobie may be subject to A)government prosecution and Jaq's suit. B)neither government prosecution nor Jaq's suit. C)only government prosecution. D)only Jaq's suit.

GR8 Stuf Company files a registration statement with the SEC before making an offering to the general public.The registration contains false,immaterial statements of which the investors are unaware.GR8 Stuf is charged with violating the Securities Act of 1933.GR8 Stuf's best defense is A)the investors were not aware of the misrepresentations. B)the issuer reasonably believed the misstatements were true. C)the offering was made available to the general public. D)the untrue statements were not material.

Lexy,a salesperson for My-T-Fine Corporation,learns that My-T-Fine will increase the dividend it pays to shareholders.Lexy buys 10,000 shares of My-T-Fine stock.When the price increases,Lexy sells the shares for a profit.Lexy would not be liable for insider trading if the information about the dividend was A)material when she sold the stock. B)public after she bought the stock. C)public before she bought the stock. D)speculative when she bought the stock.

Fresh Seasonal Fruit Company has assets of less than $10 million and fewer than fifty shareholders.Gourmand Pastries,Inc.,has assets of more than $50 million and more than five hundred shareholders.The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 applies to A)Fresh Seasonal Fruit and Gourmand Pastries. B)Fresh Seasonal Fruit only. C)Gourmand Pastries only. D)neither Fresh Seasonal Fruit nor Gourmand Pastries.

New Discoveries Corporation,and its officers,directors,and shareholders,buy and sell securities.Section 10(b)of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 applies to A)only the purchase or sale of a security involving misappropriation. B)only the purchase or sale of a security involving short-swing profits. C)only the purchase or sale of a security involving a tipper and tippee. D)the purchase or sale of any security.

To raise capital to form Plasticity Corporation with Quinn,Rona sells bonds and stock in other companies,and plans to register an initial public offering under the Securities Act of 1933.SEC Rule l0b-5 covers A)most forms of securities. B)only bonds. C)only securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933. D)only stock.

Nouveau Riche Corporation,and its officers,directors,and shareholders,buy and sell securities.SEC Rule 10b-5 applies to A)only the purchase or sale of a security by a financial corporation. B)only the purchase or sale of a security involving an officer or director. C)only the purchase or sale of a security involving a shareholder. D)the purchase or sale of any security.

Sid, a director of Tech Software Company, learns that a Tech engineer has developed a new, exciting video game. Sid buys Tech stock and tells his friend Uri, who also buys Tech stock. When the new game is released three weeks later, Sid and Uri sell their stock for a big profit. -Refer to Fact Pattern 37-2.Under SEC Rule l0b-5,Sid would not be liable if he had waited to buy Tech stock until A)after Sid told Uri of the new game. B)after Uri bought Tech stock. C)after the public release of the game. D)just before the game was released.

Sid, a director of Tech Software Company, learns that a Tech engineer has developed a new, exciting video game. Sid buys Tech stock and tells his friend Uri, who also buys Tech stock. When the new game is released three weeks later, Sid and Uri sell their stock for a big profit. -Refer to Fact Pattern 37-2.Regarding Sid's profits on the purchase and sale of Tech stock,under Section 16(b)of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Tech may recapture A)all of Sid's profits. B)half of Sid's profits. C)10 percent of Sid's profits. D)none of Sid's profits.

Dhani, an accountant for Eureka, Inc., learns of undisclosed com¬pany plan¬s to market a new laptop. Dhani buys 1,000 shares of Eureka stock. He re¬veals the company plans to Fay, who buys 500 shares. Fay tells Geoff, who tells Hu. Both Geoff and Hu buy 100 shares. They know that Fay got her informa¬tion from Dhani. When Eureka publicly an¬nounces its new laptop, Dhani, Fay, Geoff, and Hu sell their stock for a profit. -Refer to Fact Pattern 37-3.If Dhani is liable under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,it will be because the information on which he based his purchase of Eureka stock was A)a forward-looking forecast. B)not material. C)not yet public. D)not yet true.

Dhani, an accountant for Eureka, Inc., learns of undisclosed com¬pany plan¬s to market a new laptop. Dhani buys 1,000 shares of Eureka stock. He re¬veals the company plans to Fay, who buys 500 shares. Fay tells Geoff, who tells Hu. Both Geoff and Hu buy 100 shares. They know that Fay got her informa¬tion from Dhani. When Eureka publicly an¬nounces its new laptop, Dhani, Fay, Geoff, and Hu sell their stock for a profit. -Refer to Fact Pattern 37-3.Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,Fay is most likely A)liable for insider trading. B)not liable because Fay did not prevent others from profiting. C)not liable because Fay did not solicit information from Dhani. D)not liable because Fay does not work for Eureka.

Dhani, an accountant for Eureka, Inc., learns of undisclosed com¬pany plan¬s to market a new laptop. Dhani buys 1,000 shares of Eureka stock. He re¬veals the company plans to Fay, who buys 500 shares. Fay tells Geoff, who tells Hu. Both Geoff and Hu buy 100 shares. They know that Fay got her informa¬tion from Dhani. When Eureka publicly an¬nounces its new laptop, Dhani, Fay, Geoff, and Hu sell their stock for a profit. -Refer to Fact Pattern 37-3.Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,Geoff is most likely A)liable for insider trading. B)not liable because Geoff did not prevent others from profiting. C)not liable because Geoff did not solicit information from Dhani. D)not liable because Geoff does not work for Eureka.

Dhani, an accountant for Eureka, Inc., learns of undisclosed com¬pany plan¬s to market a new laptop. Dhani buys 1,000 shares of Eureka stock. He re¬veals the company plans to Fay, who buys 500 shares. Fay tells Geoff, who tells Hu. Both Geoff and Hu buy 100 shares. They know that Fay got her informa¬tion from Dhani. When Eureka publicly an¬nounces its new laptop, Dhani, Fay, Geoff, and Hu sell their stock for a profit. -Refer to Fact Pattern 37-3.Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,Hu is most likely A)liable for insider trading. B)not liable because Hu is only a tippee,not a tipper. C)not liable because Hu is too far down the chain of disclosure. D)not liable because Hu traded on the basis of a true fact.

Riley,an engineer for Shur-2-Gro Seed Corporation,learns that Shur-2-Gro has developed a corn hybrid to triple the output of any farm.Riley buys 20,000 shares of Shur-2-Gro stock.He tells Tess,who buys 15,000 shares.After the new hybrid is announced publicly,the price of Shur-2-Gro stock increases.Riley and Tess sell their shares for a profit.Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,liability may be imposed on A)none of these parties. B)Riley and Tess only. C)Riley only. D)Riley,Shur-2-Gro,and Tess.

Dee,an accountant,does not work for Emergent Company,but wrongfully obtains inside information concerning Emergent.Based on the information,Dee buys and sells Emergent stock for personal gain.The Securities and Exchange Commission prosecutes Dee,arguing that she is liable because she stole information rightfully belonging to another.This argument is A)the blue-sky theory. B)the misappropriation theory. C)the red-herring theory. D)the tipper/tippee theory.

Della,an officer for Energy Petrol Corporation (EPC),buys 100 shares of EPC stock.One week later,EPC announces that it will merge with a competitor,Fuel Oil Company,and the price of EPC stock increases.One month later,Della sells her shares for a profit.Under Section 16(b)of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,Della would not be liable if,after buying the stock,she had waited A)less than fourteen days to sell it. B)more than six months to sell it. C)ninety days to sell it. D)two months to sell it.

North American Properties,Inc.,and its officers,directors,and shareholders,buy and sell securities.Section 16(b)of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 covers A)all purchases and sales of securities. B)only purchases and sales of securities involving misappropriation. C)only purchases and sales of securities involving short-swing profits. D)only purchases and sales of securities involving tippers and tippees.

Hi-Five Aero Corporation is required to register its securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.Section 14(a)of the act regulates A)the declaration of dividends by Hi-Five's board of directors. B)the later re-registration of Hi-Five's securities. C)the short-swing activities of Hi-Five's insiders. D)the solicitation of proxies from Hi-Five's shareholders.

Flux Corporation is a public company whose shares are traded in the public securities markets.Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,Flux is subject to the direct corporate governance requirements of A)any other public company with which Flux exchanges shares. B)any state in which Flux does business. C)the federal government. D)the state in which Flux incorporated.

Heavy Hauling,Inc.,is a public company whose shares are traded in the public securities markets.Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,to ensure that Heavy Hauling's financial results are accurate and timely,the firm's senior officers must set up and maintain A)internal "disclosure controls and procedures." B)external "release and reveal timetables." C)personal "peruse and review liability policies." D)public "information and discussion forums."

Madison is the chief executive officer of Nitro Medico,Inc.,which is required to file certain financial reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,Madison must A)certify that the reports are complete and accurate. B)designate a corporate official to assume liability for inaccuracies. C)do nothing. D)read the reports and be prepared to answer questions about them.

Kirk is the chief financial officer of Lemon Corporation,which is required to file certain financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,Kirk must personally A)certify that the statements are accurate. B)delegate the responsibility for preparing the statements. C)deliver the statements to the appropriate SEC officer. D)prepare the statements.

In May 2009,National Biotech Corporation generally advertises that it will make a $4 million offering of stock in June.National makes the offering as advertised and,ten days after the first sale,notifies the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).All buyers of the stock are given material information about the company,its business,and the stock.Before the end of the year,the offering is completely sold out.The buyers include forty unaccredited investors and fifty accredited investors.National does not register the offering.The SEC files a suit against National,seeking civil sanctions on the ground that this offering was not exempt from registration.National argues that the applicable exemption is Rule 505 of Regulation D of the Securities Act of 1933 and that because of this exemption,any resale of the stock is also exempt.Who is correct

When Looking Glass Corporation wishes to issue certain securities,it must provide sufficient information for Alice,and other unsophisticated investors,to evaluate the financial risk involved.Specifically,the law imposes liability for making a false statement or omission that is "material." What sort of information would Alice consider material