Question 1

Which theory views addiction as a maladaptive habit that can be examined and changed the same way as other habits?

Accepted Answer

Behavior theory views addiction as a maladaptive habit that can be examined and changed through behavioral techniques such as reinforcement, punishment, and modeling. Individuals with addiction can learn new habits and behaviors that are more adaptive through behavior therapy.

Question 2

What effect will occur if a patient being treated with naltrexone (ReVia) for substance abuse ingests opioids or alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist, meaning it blocks the effects of opioids. If a patient ingests opioids while being treated with naltrexone, they will not experience the "high" associated with the drug. Similarly, naltrexone can also be used to treat alcohol dependence by reducing cravings and blocking the effects of alcohol, so ingesting alcohol while on naltrexone will also not lead to increased euphoria, but rather a reduced desire to drink. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are possible side effects of naltrexone, but they are not necessarily the result of ingesting opioids or alcohol while on the medication. Deep sedation is not a common effect of naltrexone or opioid/ alcohol ingestion while on the medication.

Question 3

A health professional colleague is suspected of having a substance abuse problem because of the person's frequent absenteeism, mood swings when at work, diminished alertness, and poor patient care. Which actions will the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

B, E

Question 4

A nurse working the night shift suspects that a colleague is abusing alcohol. Which action by the nurse is most important?

Accepted Answer

State guidelines may mandate that healthcare professionals report suspected cases of substance abuse by colleagues. This reporting is intended to protect the safety of patients and other staff members. While reporting may seem like a breach of loyalty or friendship, patient safety must always come first. It is important to follow the guidelines set forth by the state nursing board or other regulatory agency to ensure that patient safety is not compromised. Failure to report suspected abuse may lead to disciplinary action against the nurse if it is found that they had knowledge of the abuse and failed to act. Remember that patient safety is always the top priority, and reporting suspected abuse can help prevent harm to vulnerable individuals.

Question 5

Clonidine (Catapres) is used in treating which opioid withdrawal symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Clonidine is useful in decreasing tremors, agitation, and sweating associated with opioid withdrawal.Clonidine does not have a hypotensive effect, treat depression, or alleviate nausea.

Question 6

A 16-year-old male has been referred to the community mental health center following legal charges of driving under the influence. Which screening tests would be appropriate to use on this patient?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 16-year-old male has been referred to...

Question 7

What does a urinalysis that is positive for the drug tested indicate?

Accepted Answer

A positive urinalysis for a drug indicates that the drug is present in the specimen, but it does not necessarily indicate illegal drug use or drug dependency. Additionally, the use of drug testing is often subject to legal and ethical considerations, but it is not inherently a violation of an individual's constitutional rights.

Question 8

Which protects individuals who have been successfully rehabilitated from substance abuse from discrimination related to past addiction?

Accepted Answer

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects individuals who have been successfully rehabilitated from substance abuse from discrimination related to their past addiction. The ADA prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of disability, including addiction to drugs or alcohol, as long as the individual is not currently using drugs illegally and has completed or is participating in a rehabilitation program.

Question 9

A patient has completed substance abuse treatment for alcoholism. Which of the following will assist in long-term goal attainment and promote abstinence? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone therapy (A) can help reduce cravings and support abstinence. Regular contact with a program sponsor (C) provides ongoing support and accountability. Following the 12-step program of AA (D) offers a structured approach to maintaining sobriety. Regular attendance at NA (B) is not applicable as NA is for narcotics, not alcohol. Diazepam therapy (E) is used for acute withdrawal, not long-term abstinence.

Question 10

What must be administered before glucose infusions for a patient in alcohol withdrawal to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy?

Accepted Answer

Thiamine is a B vitamin that is commonly administered before glucose infusions for patients in alcohol withdrawal to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy, a serious neurological condition that can be caused by thiamine deficiency. Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam may be used for symptom management in alcohol withdrawal, but they do not specifically prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy. Bromocriptine is not a recommended treatment for alcohol withdrawal or Wernicke's encephalopathy.

Question 11

What does the biologic model theory of substance abuse hypothesize? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The biologic model theory of substance abuse hypothesizes that substance abuse can be based on a hereditary condition (A), genetic aberrations that block feelings of well-being (C), and genes that may alter metabolic enzyme systems in the body (D). It does not suggest that alcoholic individuals are fixated at the oral stage of development (B) or that drug use is solely a person's choice (E).

Question 12

A patient admitted 48 hours ago has a diagnosis of GI bleeding and is receiving IV hydration and transfusions. When making rounds, the nurse observes the patient to be having a tonic-clonic seizure. What may be the cause of the seizure?

Accepted Answer

The patient's history of alcohol use, along with the stress of hospitalization and medical treatment, may contribute to alcohol withdrawal, which can lead to seizures. The other options are possible contributing factors to seizures, but the given clinical history suggests that alcohol withdrawal is the most likely cause in this scenario.

Question 13

Which psychological traits are linked to substance abuse? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Dependent personality is associated with low self-esteem, difficulty making decisions, and fear of abandonment, which may lead to substance abuse as a form of self-medication. Depression and anxiety can also lead to substance abuse as individuals try to cope with their symptoms. Autonomy, social personality, and optimism are not commonly associated with substance abuse.

Question 14

What will the nurse instruct patients who are on daily disulfiram (Antabuse) to avoid?

Accepted Answer

Patients on disulfiram are instructed to avoid all forms of alcohol, as it can cause a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction known as the disulfiram-ethanol reaction.

Quiz 49: Substance Abuse