Question 1

A zygote divides to form
A) a sperm cell and an ovum.
B) two ova.
C) two zygotes.
D) two daughter cells.
E) two sperm cells.

Accepted Answer

A zygote divides by mitosis to form two daughter cells. This process is known as cleavage and eventually leads to the formation of an embryo. Option A is incorrect as sperm and ovum are already haploid cells that fuse to form a zygote. Option B and C are incorrect as a zygote cannot divide into two ova or two zygotes. Option E is incorrect as sperm cells are formed through meiosis and not from the division of a zygote.

Question 2

Most neural proliferation in the developing neural tube occurs in the layer that adjacent to
A) the fluid-filled central canal.
B) the cortex.
C) the marginal zone.
D) layer 6.
E) the neural crest.

Accepted Answer

The neural proliferation in the developing neural tube occurs in the ventricular zone, which is adjacent to the fluid-filled central canal.

Question 3

The neural plate is a patch of
A) multipolar neurons.
B) ectodermal tissue.
C) mesoderm.
D) endodermal tissue.
E) growth cones.

Accepted Answer

The neural plate is a group of cells derived from the ectodermal tissue that gives rise to the neural tube, which will eventually become the brain and spinal cord.

Question 4

Many new neural tube cells migrate radially
A) along axons of other neurons.
B) along radial glial cells.
C) to the ventricular zone.
D) all of the above
E) both B and C

Accepted Answer

New neural tube cells migrate radially along radial glial cells, which serve as scaffolding for their movement.

Question 5

By 40 days after conception, swellings are clearly visible at the anterior end of the neural tube. There are
A) 2.
B) 3.
C) 4.
D) 32.
E) 64.

Accepted Answer

The swellings at the anterior end of the neural tube are called primary brain vesicles. There are three primary brain vesicles: prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain). Therefore, the best choice is B) 3.

Question 6

The very first cells to develop in the embryo are
A) multipolar.
B) bipolar.
C) myelinated.
D) totipotent.
E) mesodermal.

Accepted Answer

The very first cells to develop in the embryo are totipotent, meaning they have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell in the body.

Question 7

A developing cell that is totipotential
A) is capable of developing into any type of cell in the organism.
B) is totally committed to one cell type for life.
C) cannot divide.
D) is totally developed and will not differentiate.
E) is entirely potent in excitation or inhibition.

Accepted Answer

A totipotential cell is capable of developing into any type of cell in the organism. This means that it has the potential to differentiate into any type of cell, including both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

Question 8

The process of the growth of a fertilized egg into a mature nervous system is called
A) neural growth.
B) neuroplasticity.
C) neurodevelopment.
D) psychological development.
E) rewiring.

Accepted Answer

The process of the growth of a fertilized egg into a mature nervous system is called neurodevelopment. This includes the growth and differentiation of neural cells, the formation of neural connections, and the development of functional neural networks.

Question 9

Immature cells that have the potential to develop into many, but not all, classes of mature cells (e.g., blood, skin, hair, neurons) are called
A) ependymal.
B) pluripotent.
C) ventricular.
D) multipolar.
E) totipotent.

Accepted Answer

Pluripotent cells have the potential to differentiate into many, but not all, types of mature cells.

Question 10

Most cell division in the developing neural tube occurs in the
A) hindbrain zone.
B) ventricular zone.
C) ventricles.
D) posterior zone.
E) midbrain.

Accepted Answer

The ventricular zone is the region of the developing neural tube where most cell division occurs. This region is located adjacent to the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain.

Question 11

The first major phase of neurodevelopment is induction of the
A) neural tube.
B) neural grove.
C) growth cones.
D) neural plate.
E) neural growth factors.

Accepted Answer

The first major phase of neurodevelopment is the formation of the neural plate, which occurs during embryonic development. The neural plate is a flat structure that eventually folds into the neural tube, giving rise to the entire nervous system. The other options, such as neural grove, growth cones, and neural growth factors, are important in later stages of neurodevelopment.

Question 12

The neural groove develops into the neural
A) tube.
B) plate.
C) mesoderm.
D) endoderm.
E) cord.

Accepted Answer

The neural groove is the first step in the development of the nervous system in vertebrates. It eventually becomes the neural tube, which will give rise to the brain and spinal cord. Choice B is incorrect because the neural plate is an earlier stage in development before the groove forms. Choice C is the germ layer that gives rise to muscle, bone, and other connective tissues, and is not directly related to the nervous system. Choice D is the germ layer that gives rise to the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts. Choice E is not a structure involved in the development of the nervous system.

Question 13

The neural plate develops directly into the
A) neural tube.
B) neural groove.
C) brain.
D) CNS.
E) PNS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The neural plate develops directly into the
A)...

Question 14

Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A) daughter cells.
B) embryonic stem cells.
C) zygotes.
D) multipolar cells.
E) ectodermal cells.

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stem cells have the potential for unlimited renewal and the ability to differentiate into different types of mature cells if they are transplanted to different locations. Daughter cells, zygotes, multipolar cells, and ectodermal cells do not have these properties.

Question 15

Developing cells that have the potential to develop into neurons of any type but into no other class of body cells are said to be
A) multipotent.
B) totipotent.
C) multipolar.
D) pluripotent.
E) unipolar.

Accepted Answer

Multipotent cells have the capacity to develop into a limited range of cell types within a particular lineage, such as neurons within the nervous system, but not into cells of a completely different lineage.

Question 16

By 40 days after conception, three swellings become visible at the anterior end of the human neural tube. The most anterior of these swellings eventually develops into the
A) brain.
B) midbrain.
C) hindbrain.
D) forebrain.
E) ventricles.

Accepted Answer

By 40 days after conception, three swellings become visible at the anterior end of the human neural tube. The most anterior of these swellings eventually develops into the forebrain.

Question 17

The case of Genie emphasizes the role of
A) the brain in behavior.
B) experience in human neural and psychological development.
C) the brain in language.
D) language in learning.
E) neuroplasticity in development.

Accepted Answer

The case of Genie shows the importance of experience in human neural and psychological development. Genie's lack of social interaction and language exposure during her childhood resulted in severe developmental delays and deficits. This emphasizes the role of nurturing and socialization in human development. Both language and neuroplasticity are important factors in human development, but they are not the primary focus of the case of Genie. The brain's role in behavior is also important, but this is a more general concept that is not specific to the case of Genie.

Question 18

After the formation of the neural tube, the number of cells destined to become part of the adult nervous system
A) actually declines.
B) stays the same until the end of the neural-plate phase.
C) stays the same until the end of the neural-groove phase.
D) increases rapidly.
E) quickly doubles and then declines.

Accepted Answer

After the formation of the neural tube, the number of cells destined to become part of the adult nervous system increases rapidly due to cell division and differentiation processes that contribute to the growth and complexity of the nervous system.

Question 19

At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural 
A) mesoderm.
B) tube.
C) plate.
D) floor.
E) crest.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At 18 days after conception, this structure...

Question 20

Many cells of the neural tube have lost their pluripotency and have become
A) totally specified.
B) totipotent.
C) multipotent.
D) mesodermal.
E) neural plates.

Accepted Answer

Cells of the neural tube become multipotent, meaning they can differentiate into a limited range of cell types related to the nervous system.

Quiz 9: Development of the Nervous System

A zygote divides to form

Most neural proliferation in the developing neural tube occurs in the layer that adjacent to

The neural plate is a patch of

Many new neural tube cells migrate radially

By 40 days after conception, swellings are clearly visible at the anterior end of the neural tube. There are

The very first cells to develop in the embryo are

A developing cell that is totipotential

The process of the growth of a fertilized egg into a mature nervous system is called

Immature cells that have the potential to develop into many, but not all, classes of mature cells (e.g., blood, skin, hair, neurons) are called

Most cell division in the developing neural tube occurs in the

The first major phase of neurodevelopment is induction of the

The neural groove develops into the neural

The neural plate develops directly into the

Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called

Developing cells that have the potential to develop into neurons of any type but into no other class of body cells are said to be

By 40 days after conception, three swellings become visible at the anterior end of the human neural tube. The most anterior of these swellings eventually develops into the

The case of Genie emphasizes the role of

After the formation of the neural tube, the number of cells destined to become part of the adult nervous system

At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural

Many cells of the neural tube have lost their pluripotency and have become